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Main Authors: Liu, Shigan, Geng, Guannan, Xiang, Yanfei, Hu, Hejun, Liu, Xiaodong, Huang, Xiaomeng, Zhang, Qiang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18018
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author Liu, Shigan
Geng, Guannan
Xiang, Yanfei
Hu, Hejun
Liu, Xiaodong
Huang, Xiaomeng
Zhang, Qiang
author_facet Liu, Shigan
Geng, Guannan
Xiang, Yanfei
Hu, Hejun
Liu, Xiaodong
Huang, Xiaomeng
Zhang, Qiang
contents Air pollution remains a leading global health threat, with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) contributing to millions of premature deaths annually. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are essential tools for evaluating how emission controls improve air quality and save lives, but they are computationally intensive. Reduced form models accelerate simulations but sacrifice spatial-temporal granularity, accuracy, and flexibility. Here we present CleanAir, a deep-learning-based model developed as an efficient alternative to CTMs in simulating daily PM2.5 and its chemical compositions in response to precursor emission reductions at 36 km resolution, which could predict PM2.5 concentration for a full year within 10 seconds on a single GPU, a speed five orders of magnitude faster. Built on a Residual Symmetric 3D U-Net architecture and trained on more than 2,400 emission reduction scenarios generated by a well-validated Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, CleanAir generalizes well across unseen meteorological years and emission patterns. It produces results comparable to CMAQ in both absolute concentrations and emission-induced changes, enabling efficient, full-coverage simulations across short-term interventions and long-term planning horizons. This advance empowers researchers and policymakers to rapidly evaluate a wide range of air quality strategies and assess the associated health impacts, thereby supporting more responsive and informed environmental decision-making.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_18018
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A deep-learning model for predicting daily PM2.5 concentration in response to emission reduction
Liu, Shigan
Geng, Guannan
Xiang, Yanfei
Hu, Hejun
Liu, Xiaodong
Huang, Xiaomeng
Zhang, Qiang
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Air pollution remains a leading global health threat, with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) contributing to millions of premature deaths annually. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are essential tools for evaluating how emission controls improve air quality and save lives, but they are computationally intensive. Reduced form models accelerate simulations but sacrifice spatial-temporal granularity, accuracy, and flexibility. Here we present CleanAir, a deep-learning-based model developed as an efficient alternative to CTMs in simulating daily PM2.5 and its chemical compositions in response to precursor emission reductions at 36 km resolution, which could predict PM2.5 concentration for a full year within 10 seconds on a single GPU, a speed five orders of magnitude faster. Built on a Residual Symmetric 3D U-Net architecture and trained on more than 2,400 emission reduction scenarios generated by a well-validated Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, CleanAir generalizes well across unseen meteorological years and emission patterns. It produces results comparable to CMAQ in both absolute concentrations and emission-induced changes, enabling efficient, full-coverage simulations across short-term interventions and long-term planning horizons. This advance empowers researchers and policymakers to rapidly evaluate a wide range of air quality strategies and assess the associated health impacts, thereby supporting more responsive and informed environmental decision-making.
title A deep-learning model for predicting daily PM2.5 concentration in response to emission reduction
topic Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18018