Quantum-Classical Hybrid Quantized Neural Network

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Li, Wenxin, Wang, Chuan, Zhu, Hongdong, Gao, Qi, Ma, Yin, Wei, Hai, Wen, Kai
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Li, Wenxin
Wang, Chuan
Zhu, Hongdong
Gao, Qi
Ma, Yin
Wei, Hai
Wen, Kai
author_facet Li, Wenxin
Wang, Chuan
Zhu, Hongdong
Gao, Qi
Ma, Yin
Wei, Hai
Wen, Kai
contents In this work, we introduce a novel Quadratic Binary Optimization (QBO) framework for training a quantized neural network. The framework enables the use of arbitrary activation and loss functions through spline interpolation, while Forward Interval Propagation addresses the nonlinearities and the multi-layered, composite structure of neural networks via discretizing activation functions into linear subintervals. This preserves the universal approximation properties of neural networks while allowing complex nonlinear functions accessible to quantum solvers, broadening their applicability in artificial intelligence. Theoretically, we derive an upper bound on the approximation error and the number of Ising spins required by deriving the sample complexity of the empirical risk minimization problem from an optimization perspective. A key challenge in solving the associated large-scale Quadratic Constrained Binary Optimization (QCBO) model is the presence of numerous constraints. To overcome this, we adopt the Quantum Conditional Gradient Descent (QCGD) algorithm, which solves QCBO directly on quantum hardware. We establish the convergence of QCGD under a quantum oracle subject to randomness, bounded variance, and limited coefficient precision, and further provide an upper bound on the Time-To-Solution. To enhance scalability, we further incorporate a decomposed copositive optimization scheme that replaces the monolithic lifted model with sample-wise subproblems. This decomposition substantially reduces the quantum resource requirements and enables efficient low-bit neural network training. We further propose the usage of QCGD and Quantum Progressive Hedging (QPH) algorithm to efficiently solve the decomposed problem.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_18240
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum-Classical Hybrid Quantized Neural Network
Li, Wenxin
Wang, Chuan
Zhu, Hongdong
Gao, Qi
Ma, Yin
Wei, Hai
Wen, Kai
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Optics
In this work, we introduce a novel Quadratic Binary Optimization (QBO) framework for training a quantized neural network. The framework enables the use of arbitrary activation and loss functions through spline interpolation, while Forward Interval Propagation addresses the nonlinearities and the multi-layered, composite structure of neural networks via discretizing activation functions into linear subintervals. This preserves the universal approximation properties of neural networks while allowing complex nonlinear functions accessible to quantum solvers, broadening their applicability in artificial intelligence. Theoretically, we derive an upper bound on the approximation error and the number of Ising spins required by deriving the sample complexity of the empirical risk minimization problem from an optimization perspective. A key challenge in solving the associated large-scale Quadratic Constrained Binary Optimization (QCBO) model is the presence of numerous constraints. To overcome this, we adopt the Quantum Conditional Gradient Descent (QCGD) algorithm, which solves QCBO directly on quantum hardware. We establish the convergence of QCGD under a quantum oracle subject to randomness, bounded variance, and limited coefficient precision, and further provide an upper bound on the Time-To-Solution. To enhance scalability, we further incorporate a decomposed copositive optimization scheme that replaces the monolithic lifted model with sample-wise subproblems. This decomposition substantially reduces the quantum resource requirements and enables efficient low-bit neural network training. We further propose the usage of QCGD and Quantum Progressive Hedging (QPH) algorithm to efficiently solve the decomposed problem.
title Quantum-Classical Hybrid Quantized Neural Network
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18240