NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915357281746944 |
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| author | Chen, Rui Tang, Andrew Dutta, Jayita Tara, Virat Ye, Julian Fang, Zhuoran Majumdar, Arka |
| author_facet | Chen, Rui Tang, Andrew Dutta, Jayita Tara, Virat Ye, Julian Fang, Zhuoran Majumdar, Arka |
| contents | Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer a unique opportunity to create a flexible platform, akin to electronic field programmable gate array (FPGA). These photonic PGAs can implement versatile functionalities for applications ranging from optical interconnects to microwave photonics. However, state-of-the-art programmable photonics relies predominantly on volatile thermo-optic tuning, which suffers from high static power consumption, large footprints, and thermal crosstalk. All these dramatically limit the gate density and pose a fundamental limit to the scalability. Chalcogenide-based phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a superior alternative due to their nonvolatility and substantial optical contrast, though challenges such as optical loss, and bit precision severely limited their application in large-scale PICs. Here, we demonstrate precise, multi-bit, low-loss tuning of the emerging PCM Sb2Se3 using a closed-loop, "program-and-verify" method. Electrically reconfigurable PCM-integrated silicon photonic gates are implemented on a 300mm silicon photonic platform, using circulating and forward Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) meshes. In the circulating mesh, we realize broadband optical switching fabrics and high-Q coupled resonators with unprecedented local control of coupling rates, which further enable exploration of coupled-cavity systems. The forward mesh supports self-configurable MZIs that sort two orthogonal beams to different ports. These results showcase a new type of scalable photonic PGA enabled by PCMs, offering a pathway toward general-purpose, on-chip programmable photonic systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_18592 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array Chen, Rui Tang, Andrew Dutta, Jayita Tara, Virat Ye, Julian Fang, Zhuoran Majumdar, Arka Optics Applied Physics Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer a unique opportunity to create a flexible platform, akin to electronic field programmable gate array (FPGA). These photonic PGAs can implement versatile functionalities for applications ranging from optical interconnects to microwave photonics. However, state-of-the-art programmable photonics relies predominantly on volatile thermo-optic tuning, which suffers from high static power consumption, large footprints, and thermal crosstalk. All these dramatically limit the gate density and pose a fundamental limit to the scalability. Chalcogenide-based phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a superior alternative due to their nonvolatility and substantial optical contrast, though challenges such as optical loss, and bit precision severely limited their application in large-scale PICs. Here, we demonstrate precise, multi-bit, low-loss tuning of the emerging PCM Sb2Se3 using a closed-loop, "program-and-verify" method. Electrically reconfigurable PCM-integrated silicon photonic gates are implemented on a 300mm silicon photonic platform, using circulating and forward Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) meshes. In the circulating mesh, we realize broadband optical switching fabrics and high-Q coupled resonators with unprecedented local control of coupling rates, which further enable exploration of coupled-cavity systems. The forward mesh supports self-configurable MZIs that sort two orthogonal beams to different ports. These results showcase a new type of scalable photonic PGA enabled by PCMs, offering a pathway toward general-purpose, on-chip programmable photonic systems. |
| title | NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array |
| topic | Optics Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18592 |