NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chen, Rui, Tang, Andrew, Dutta, Jayita, Tara, Virat, Ye, Julian, Fang, Zhuoran, Majumdar, Arka
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chen, Rui
Tang, Andrew
Dutta, Jayita
Tara, Virat
Ye, Julian
Fang, Zhuoran
Majumdar, Arka
author_facet Chen, Rui
Tang, Andrew
Dutta, Jayita
Tara, Virat
Ye, Julian
Fang, Zhuoran
Majumdar, Arka
contents Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer a unique opportunity to create a flexible platform, akin to electronic field programmable gate array (FPGA). These photonic PGAs can implement versatile functionalities for applications ranging from optical interconnects to microwave photonics. However, state-of-the-art programmable photonics relies predominantly on volatile thermo-optic tuning, which suffers from high static power consumption, large footprints, and thermal crosstalk. All these dramatically limit the gate density and pose a fundamental limit to the scalability. Chalcogenide-based phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a superior alternative due to their nonvolatility and substantial optical contrast, though challenges such as optical loss, and bit precision severely limited their application in large-scale PICs. Here, we demonstrate precise, multi-bit, low-loss tuning of the emerging PCM Sb2Se3 using a closed-loop, "program-and-verify" method. Electrically reconfigurable PCM-integrated silicon photonic gates are implemented on a 300mm silicon photonic platform, using circulating and forward Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) meshes. In the circulating mesh, we realize broadband optical switching fabrics and high-Q coupled resonators with unprecedented local control of coupling rates, which further enable exploration of coupled-cavity systems. The forward mesh supports self-configurable MZIs that sort two orthogonal beams to different ports. These results showcase a new type of scalable photonic PGA enabled by PCMs, offering a pathway toward general-purpose, on-chip programmable photonic systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_18592
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array
Chen, Rui
Tang, Andrew
Dutta, Jayita
Tara, Virat
Ye, Julian
Fang, Zhuoran
Majumdar, Arka
Optics
Applied Physics
Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer a unique opportunity to create a flexible platform, akin to electronic field programmable gate array (FPGA). These photonic PGAs can implement versatile functionalities for applications ranging from optical interconnects to microwave photonics. However, state-of-the-art programmable photonics relies predominantly on volatile thermo-optic tuning, which suffers from high static power consumption, large footprints, and thermal crosstalk. All these dramatically limit the gate density and pose a fundamental limit to the scalability. Chalcogenide-based phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a superior alternative due to their nonvolatility and substantial optical contrast, though challenges such as optical loss, and bit precision severely limited their application in large-scale PICs. Here, we demonstrate precise, multi-bit, low-loss tuning of the emerging PCM Sb2Se3 using a closed-loop, "program-and-verify" method. Electrically reconfigurable PCM-integrated silicon photonic gates are implemented on a 300mm silicon photonic platform, using circulating and forward Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) meshes. In the circulating mesh, we realize broadband optical switching fabrics and high-Q coupled resonators with unprecedented local control of coupling rates, which further enable exploration of coupled-cavity systems. The forward mesh supports self-configurable MZIs that sort two orthogonal beams to different ports. These results showcase a new type of scalable photonic PGA enabled by PCMs, offering a pathway toward general-purpose, on-chip programmable photonic systems.
title NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array
topic Optics
Applied Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18592