_version_ 1866911021015236608
author Hahn, ChangHoon
Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A
Melchior, Peter
Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K.
Aguilar, Jessica Nicole
Ahlen, Steven
Bianchi, Davide
Brooks, David
Claybaugh, Todd
de la Macorra, Axel
Dey, Arjun
Doel, Peter
Forero-Romero, Jaime E.
Gutierrez, Gaston
Ishak, Mustapha
Juneau, Stephanie
Kirkby, David
Kisner, Theodore
Kremin, Anthony
Lambert, Andrew
Landriau, Martin
Guillou, Laurent Le
Manera, Marc
Miquel, Ramon
Moustakas, John
Myers, Adam D.
Niz, Gustavo
Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
Poppett, Claire
Prada, Francisco
Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi
Rossi, Graziano
Sanchez, Eusebio
Schlegel, David
Schubnell, Michael
Seo, Hee-Jong
Sprayberry, David
Tarlé, Gregory
Weaver, Benjamin A.
Zou, Hu
author_facet Hahn, ChangHoon
Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A
Melchior, Peter
Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K.
Aguilar, Jessica Nicole
Ahlen, Steven
Bianchi, Davide
Brooks, David
Claybaugh, Todd
de la Macorra, Axel
Dey, Arjun
Doel, Peter
Forero-Romero, Jaime E.
Gutierrez, Gaston
Ishak, Mustapha
Juneau, Stephanie
Kirkby, David
Kisner, Theodore
Kremin, Anthony
Lambert, Andrew
Landriau, Martin
Guillou, Laurent Le
Manera, Marc
Miquel, Ramon
Moustakas, John
Myers, Adam D.
Niz, Gustavo
Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
Poppett, Claire
Prada, Francisco
Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi
Rossi, Graziano
Sanchez, Eusebio
Schlegel, David
Schubnell, Michael
Seo, Hee-Jong
Sprayberry, David
Tarlé, Gregory
Weaver, Benjamin A.
Zou, Hu
contents Quasar spectra carry the imprint of foreground intergalactic medium (IGM) through absorption features. In particular, absorption caused by neutral hydrogen gas, the ``Ly$α$ forest,'' is a key spectroscopic tracer for cosmological analyses used to measure cosmic expansion and test physics beyond the standard model. Despite their importance, current methods for measuring LyA absorption cannot directly derive the intrinsic quasar continuum and make strong assumptions on its shape, thus distorting the measured LyA clustering. We present SpenderQ, a ML-based approach for directly reconstructing the intrinsic quasar spectra and measuring the LyA forest from observations. SpenderQ uses the Spender spectrum autoencoder to learn a compact and redshift-invariant latent encoding of quasar spectra, combined with an iterative procedure to identify and mask absorption regions. To demonstrate its performance, we apply SpenderQ to 400,000 synthetic quasar spectra created to validate the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Year 1 LyA cosmological analyses. SpenderQ accurately reconstructs the true intrinsic quasar spectra, including the broad LyB, LyA, SiIV, CIV, and CIII emission lines. Redward of LyA, SpenderQ provides percent-level reconstructions of the true quasar spectra. Blueward of LyA, SpenderQ reconstructs the true spectra to < 5\%. SpenderQ reproduces the shapes of individual quasar spectra more robustly than the current state-of-the-art. We, thus, expect it will significantly reduce biases in LyA clustering measurements and enable studies of quasars and their physical properties. SpenderQ also provides informative latent variable encodings that can be used to, e.g., classify quasars with Broad Absorption Lines. Overall, SpenderQ provides a new data-driven approach for unbiased LyA forest measurements in cosmological, quasar, and IGM studies.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_18986
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reconstructing Quasar Spectra and Measuring the Ly$α$ Forest with ${\rm S{\scriptsize pender}Q}$
Hahn, ChangHoon
Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A
Melchior, Peter
Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K.
Aguilar, Jessica Nicole
Ahlen, Steven
Bianchi, Davide
Brooks, David
Claybaugh, Todd
de la Macorra, Axel
Dey, Arjun
Doel, Peter
Forero-Romero, Jaime E.
Gutierrez, Gaston
Ishak, Mustapha
Juneau, Stephanie
Kirkby, David
Kisner, Theodore
Kremin, Anthony
Lambert, Andrew
Landriau, Martin
Guillou, Laurent Le
Manera, Marc
Miquel, Ramon
Moustakas, John
Myers, Adam D.
Niz, Gustavo
Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
Poppett, Claire
Prada, Francisco
Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi
Rossi, Graziano
Sanchez, Eusebio
Schlegel, David
Schubnell, Michael
Seo, Hee-Jong
Sprayberry, David
Tarlé, Gregory
Weaver, Benjamin A.
Zou, Hu
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Quasar spectra carry the imprint of foreground intergalactic medium (IGM) through absorption features. In particular, absorption caused by neutral hydrogen gas, the ``Ly$α$ forest,'' is a key spectroscopic tracer for cosmological analyses used to measure cosmic expansion and test physics beyond the standard model. Despite their importance, current methods for measuring LyA absorption cannot directly derive the intrinsic quasar continuum and make strong assumptions on its shape, thus distorting the measured LyA clustering. We present SpenderQ, a ML-based approach for directly reconstructing the intrinsic quasar spectra and measuring the LyA forest from observations. SpenderQ uses the Spender spectrum autoencoder to learn a compact and redshift-invariant latent encoding of quasar spectra, combined with an iterative procedure to identify and mask absorption regions. To demonstrate its performance, we apply SpenderQ to 400,000 synthetic quasar spectra created to validate the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Year 1 LyA cosmological analyses. SpenderQ accurately reconstructs the true intrinsic quasar spectra, including the broad LyB, LyA, SiIV, CIV, and CIII emission lines. Redward of LyA, SpenderQ provides percent-level reconstructions of the true quasar spectra. Blueward of LyA, SpenderQ reconstructs the true spectra to < 5\%. SpenderQ reproduces the shapes of individual quasar spectra more robustly than the current state-of-the-art. We, thus, expect it will significantly reduce biases in LyA clustering measurements and enable studies of quasars and their physical properties. SpenderQ also provides informative latent variable encodings that can be used to, e.g., classify quasars with Broad Absorption Lines. Overall, SpenderQ provides a new data-driven approach for unbiased LyA forest measurements in cosmological, quasar, and IGM studies.
title Reconstructing Quasar Spectra and Measuring the Ly$α$ Forest with ${\rm S{\scriptsize pender}Q}$
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18986