Deuteron-induced reactions on natural Zr from threshold to 50 MeV: production of $^{86}$Y
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Martinsen, E. M. Voyles, A. S. Li, K. C. W. Basunia, M. S. Bernstein, L. A. Ekeberg, H. L. O. Hussain, M. Morrell, J. T. Qaim, S. M. Siem, S. Uddin, M. S. Zaneb, H. |
| author_facet | Martinsen, E. M. Voyles, A. S. Li, K. C. W. Basunia, M. S. Bernstein, L. A. Ekeberg, H. L. O. Hussain, M. Morrell, J. T. Qaim, S. M. Siem, S. Uddin, M. S. Zaneb, H. |
| contents | Two stacks of thin Zr foils were irradiated with 30 and 50 MeV deuterons, respectively, using the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory $88$-Inch Cyclotron, to investigate this production pathway for the promising PET tracer $^{86}$Y. Nineteen excitation functions for $^{\text{nat}}$Zr($d$,$x$) reactions were measured over a beam energy range of $6.3$--$47.64$ MeV, where the independent cross sections for $^{\text{nat}}$Zr($d$,$x$)$^{88}$Nb and $^\text{nat}$Zr($d$,$x$)$^{86\text{m, g}}$Y were measured for the first time. The well-characterized $^{\text{nat}}$Fe($d$,$x$)$^{56}$Co, $^{\text{nat}}$Ni($d$,$x$)$^{56}$Co, $^{\text{nat}}$Ni($d$,$x$)$^{58}$Co, $^{\text{nat}}$Ni($d$,$x$)$^{61}$Cu, $^{\text{nat}}$Ti($d$,$x$)$^{46}$Sc and $^{\text{nat}}$Ti($d$,$x$)$^{48}$V monitor reactions were used to determine the deuteron beam current throughout the stacks. All cross sections were determined using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector $γ$-ray spectroscopy. A variance minimization technique was employed to simultaneously constrain the deuteron beam currents with multiple monitor reactions, thus reducing systematic uncertainties. An additional $16$ channels are reported for reactions on the nickel, titanium, and iron monitor foils, leading to a total of $35$ excitation functions, with $7$ reaction channels reported for the first time in this work. The measured excitation functions are compared to calculations provided by the reaction modeling codes $\textsc{TALYS}-2.0$, $\textsc{ALICE}-2020$, $\textsc{CoH}-3.5.3$ and $\textsc{EMPIRE}-3.2.3$, as well as the $\textsc{TENDL}-2023$ data library. The degree of agreement between theory and experiments is discussed. The physical yields for $^{\text{nat}}$Zr($d$,$x$)$^{86}$Y and other yttrium isotopes produced are calculated and compared to other production pathways. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_19012 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Deuteron-induced reactions on natural Zr from threshold to 50 MeV: production of $^{86}$Y Martinsen, E. M. Voyles, A. S. Li, K. C. W. Basunia, M. S. Bernstein, L. A. Ekeberg, H. L. O. Hussain, M. Morrell, J. T. Qaim, S. M. Siem, S. Uddin, M. S. Zaneb, H. Nuclear Experiment Two stacks of thin Zr foils were irradiated with 30 and 50 MeV deuterons, respectively, using the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory $88$-Inch Cyclotron, to investigate this production pathway for the promising PET tracer $^{86}$Y. Nineteen excitation functions for $^{\text{nat}}$Zr($d$,$x$) reactions were measured over a beam energy range of $6.3$--$47.64$ MeV, where the independent cross sections for $^{\text{nat}}$Zr($d$,$x$)$^{88}$Nb and $^\text{nat}$Zr($d$,$x$)$^{86\text{m, g}}$Y were measured for the first time. The well-characterized $^{\text{nat}}$Fe($d$,$x$)$^{56}$Co, $^{\text{nat}}$Ni($d$,$x$)$^{56}$Co, $^{\text{nat}}$Ni($d$,$x$)$^{58}$Co, $^{\text{nat}}$Ni($d$,$x$)$^{61}$Cu, $^{\text{nat}}$Ti($d$,$x$)$^{46}$Sc and $^{\text{nat}}$Ti($d$,$x$)$^{48}$V monitor reactions were used to determine the deuteron beam current throughout the stacks. All cross sections were determined using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector $γ$-ray spectroscopy. A variance minimization technique was employed to simultaneously constrain the deuteron beam currents with multiple monitor reactions, thus reducing systematic uncertainties. An additional $16$ channels are reported for reactions on the nickel, titanium, and iron monitor foils, leading to a total of $35$ excitation functions, with $7$ reaction channels reported for the first time in this work. The measured excitation functions are compared to calculations provided by the reaction modeling codes $\textsc{TALYS}-2.0$, $\textsc{ALICE}-2020$, $\textsc{CoH}-3.5.3$ and $\textsc{EMPIRE}-3.2.3$, as well as the $\textsc{TENDL}-2023$ data library. The degree of agreement between theory and experiments is discussed. The physical yields for $^{\text{nat}}$Zr($d$,$x$)$^{86}$Y and other yttrium isotopes produced are calculated and compared to other production pathways. |
| title | Deuteron-induced reactions on natural Zr from threshold to 50 MeV: production of $^{86}$Y |
| topic | Nuclear Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19012 |