FairCauseSyn: Towards Causally Fair LLM-Augmented Synthetic Data Generation

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Nagesh, Nitish, Wang, Ziyu, Rahmani, Amir M.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Nagesh, Nitish
Wang, Ziyu
Rahmani, Amir M.
author_facet Nagesh, Nitish
Wang, Ziyu
Rahmani, Amir M.
contents Synthetic data generation creates data based on real-world data using generative models. In health applications, generating high-quality data while maintaining fairness for sensitive attributes is essential for equitable outcomes. Existing GAN-based and LLM-based methods focus on counterfactual fairness and are primarily applied in finance and legal domains. Causal fairness provides a more comprehensive evaluation framework by preserving causal structure, but current synthetic data generation methods do not address it in health settings. To fill this gap, we develop the first LLM-augmented synthetic data generation method to enhance causal fairness using real-world tabular health data. Our generated data deviates by less than 10% from real data on causal fairness metrics. When trained on causally fair predictors, synthetic data reduces bias on the sensitive attribute by 70% compared to real data. This work improves access to fair synthetic data, supporting equitable health research and healthcare delivery.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_19082
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle FairCauseSyn: Towards Causally Fair LLM-Augmented Synthetic Data Generation
Nagesh, Nitish
Wang, Ziyu
Rahmani, Amir M.
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Synthetic data generation creates data based on real-world data using generative models. In health applications, generating high-quality data while maintaining fairness for sensitive attributes is essential for equitable outcomes. Existing GAN-based and LLM-based methods focus on counterfactual fairness and are primarily applied in finance and legal domains. Causal fairness provides a more comprehensive evaluation framework by preserving causal structure, but current synthetic data generation methods do not address it in health settings. To fill this gap, we develop the first LLM-augmented synthetic data generation method to enhance causal fairness using real-world tabular health data. Our generated data deviates by less than 10% from real data on causal fairness metrics. When trained on causally fair predictors, synthetic data reduces bias on the sensitive attribute by 70% compared to real data. This work improves access to fair synthetic data, supporting equitable health research and healthcare delivery.
title FairCauseSyn: Towards Causally Fair LLM-Augmented Synthetic Data Generation
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19082