Constraining exotic high-$z$ reionization histories with Gaussian processes and the Cosmic Microwave Background

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Cheng, Hanyu, Yin, Ziwen, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Marsh, David J. E., Visinelli, Luca
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Cheng, Hanyu
Yin, Ziwen
Di Valentino, Eleonora
Marsh, David J. E.
Visinelli, Luca
author_facet Cheng, Hanyu
Yin, Ziwen
Di Valentino, Eleonora
Marsh, David J. E.
Visinelli, Luca
contents The large-angle polarization anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) arise from Thomson scattering of CMB photons off free electrons in the post-recombination Universe. In the standard $Λ$ cold dark matter cosmological model, the free electron density increases at redshifts $z \lesssim 10$ as the first stars form, reionizing the intergalactic medium. We use \emph{Gaussian processes} to perform a model-independent reconstruction of the cosmic reionization history constrained by \textit{Planck} CMB data. Our approach recovers the standard reionization at $z \lesssim 10$ and places stringent limits on any additional high-$z$ reionization. From this reconstruction, we define a new derived parameter, the high-redshift contribution to the CMB optical depth, $τ_{\mathrm{highz}}$, whose posterior distribution provides robust constraints on exotic energy injection scenarios. We demonstrate this for decaying dark matter with particle masses in the range $\mathcal{O}(1\,\text{MeV})$. A companion paper applies this framework to multi-axion models. All data and code are publicly available at: \href{https://github.com/Cheng-Hanyu/CLASS_reio_gpr}{github.com/Cheng-Hanyu/CLASS\_reio\_gpr}.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_19096
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constraining exotic high-$z$ reionization histories with Gaussian processes and the Cosmic Microwave Background
Cheng, Hanyu
Yin, Ziwen
Di Valentino, Eleonora
Marsh, David J. E.
Visinelli, Luca
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
The large-angle polarization anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) arise from Thomson scattering of CMB photons off free electrons in the post-recombination Universe. In the standard $Λ$ cold dark matter cosmological model, the free electron density increases at redshifts $z \lesssim 10$ as the first stars form, reionizing the intergalactic medium. We use \emph{Gaussian processes} to perform a model-independent reconstruction of the cosmic reionization history constrained by \textit{Planck} CMB data. Our approach recovers the standard reionization at $z \lesssim 10$ and places stringent limits on any additional high-$z$ reionization. From this reconstruction, we define a new derived parameter, the high-redshift contribution to the CMB optical depth, $τ_{\mathrm{highz}}$, whose posterior distribution provides robust constraints on exotic energy injection scenarios. We demonstrate this for decaying dark matter with particle masses in the range $\mathcal{O}(1\,\text{MeV})$. A companion paper applies this framework to multi-axion models. All data and code are publicly available at: \href{https://github.com/Cheng-Hanyu/CLASS_reio_gpr}{github.com/Cheng-Hanyu/CLASS\_reio\_gpr}.
title Constraining exotic high-$z$ reionization histories with Gaussian processes and the Cosmic Microwave Background
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19096