Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD?

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Monemi, Mehdi, Fallah, Mohammad Amir, Rasti, Mehdi, Yazdani, Omid, Lopez, Onel L. A., Latva-aho, Matti
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Monemi, Mehdi
Fallah, Mohammad Amir
Rasti, Mehdi
Yazdani, Omid
Lopez, Onel L. A.
Latva-aho, Matti
author_facet Monemi, Mehdi
Fallah, Mohammad Amir
Rasti, Mehdi
Yazdani, Omid
Lopez, Onel L. A.
Latva-aho, Matti
contents Beam squint poses a fundamental challenge in wideband hybrid beamforming, particularly for mmWave and THz systems that demand both ultra-wide bandwidth and high directional beams. While conventional phase shifter-based beamformers may offer partial mitigation, True Time Delay (TTD) units provide a fundamentally more effective solution by enabling frequency-independent beam steering. However, the high cost of TTD units has recently driven much interest in Sparse-TTD architectures, which combine a limited number of TTDs with a higher number of conventional PSs to balance performance and cost. This paper provides a critical examination of beam squint mitigation strategies in wideband hybrid beamformers, comparing Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, and Non-TTD architectures. We analyze recent Non-TTD approaches, specifically the scheme leveraging the wideband beam gain (WBBG) concept, evaluating their performance and cost characteristics against TTD-based solutions. A key focus is placed on the practical limitations of Sparse-TTD architectures, particularly the often-overlooked requirement for wideband PSs operating alongside TTDs, which can significantly impact performance and implementation cost in real-world scenarios, especially for ultra-wideband applications. Finally, we conduct a cost-performance analysis to examine the trade-offs inherent in each architecture and provide guidance on selecting the most suitable hybrid beamforming structure for various fractional bandwidth regimes.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_19381
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD?
Monemi, Mehdi
Fallah, Mohammad Amir
Rasti, Mehdi
Yazdani, Omid
Lopez, Onel L. A.
Latva-aho, Matti
Systems and Control
Beam squint poses a fundamental challenge in wideband hybrid beamforming, particularly for mmWave and THz systems that demand both ultra-wide bandwidth and high directional beams. While conventional phase shifter-based beamformers may offer partial mitigation, True Time Delay (TTD) units provide a fundamentally more effective solution by enabling frequency-independent beam steering. However, the high cost of TTD units has recently driven much interest in Sparse-TTD architectures, which combine a limited number of TTDs with a higher number of conventional PSs to balance performance and cost. This paper provides a critical examination of beam squint mitigation strategies in wideband hybrid beamformers, comparing Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, and Non-TTD architectures. We analyze recent Non-TTD approaches, specifically the scheme leveraging the wideband beam gain (WBBG) concept, evaluating their performance and cost characteristics against TTD-based solutions. A key focus is placed on the practical limitations of Sparse-TTD architectures, particularly the often-overlooked requirement for wideband PSs operating alongside TTDs, which can significantly impact performance and implementation cost in real-world scenarios, especially for ultra-wideband applications. Finally, we conduct a cost-performance analysis to examine the trade-offs inherent in each architecture and provide guidance on selecting the most suitable hybrid beamforming structure for various fractional bandwidth regimes.
title Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD?
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19381