Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD?
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866918418397003776 |
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| author | Monemi, Mehdi Fallah, Mohammad Amir Rasti, Mehdi Yazdani, Omid Lopez, Onel L. A. Latva-aho, Matti |
| author_facet | Monemi, Mehdi Fallah, Mohammad Amir Rasti, Mehdi Yazdani, Omid Lopez, Onel L. A. Latva-aho, Matti |
| contents | Beam squint poses a fundamental challenge in wideband hybrid beamforming, particularly for mmWave and THz systems that demand both ultra-wide bandwidth and high directional beams. While conventional phase shifter-based beamformers may offer partial mitigation, True Time Delay (TTD) units provide a fundamentally more effective solution by enabling frequency-independent beam steering. However, the high cost of TTD units has recently driven much interest in Sparse-TTD architectures, which combine a limited number of TTDs with a higher number of conventional PSs to balance performance and cost. This paper provides a critical examination of beam squint mitigation strategies in wideband hybrid beamformers, comparing Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, and Non-TTD architectures. We analyze recent Non-TTD approaches, specifically the scheme leveraging the wideband beam gain (WBBG) concept, evaluating their performance and cost characteristics against TTD-based solutions. A key focus is placed on the practical limitations of Sparse-TTD architectures, particularly the often-overlooked requirement for wideband PSs operating alongside TTDs, which can significantly impact performance and implementation cost in real-world scenarios, especially for ultra-wideband applications. Finally, we conduct a cost-performance analysis to examine the trade-offs inherent in each architecture and provide guidance on selecting the most suitable hybrid beamforming structure for various fractional bandwidth regimes. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_19381 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD? Monemi, Mehdi Fallah, Mohammad Amir Rasti, Mehdi Yazdani, Omid Lopez, Onel L. A. Latva-aho, Matti Systems and Control Beam squint poses a fundamental challenge in wideband hybrid beamforming, particularly for mmWave and THz systems that demand both ultra-wide bandwidth and high directional beams. While conventional phase shifter-based beamformers may offer partial mitigation, True Time Delay (TTD) units provide a fundamentally more effective solution by enabling frequency-independent beam steering. However, the high cost of TTD units has recently driven much interest in Sparse-TTD architectures, which combine a limited number of TTDs with a higher number of conventional PSs to balance performance and cost. This paper provides a critical examination of beam squint mitigation strategies in wideband hybrid beamformers, comparing Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, and Non-TTD architectures. We analyze recent Non-TTD approaches, specifically the scheme leveraging the wideband beam gain (WBBG) concept, evaluating their performance and cost characteristics against TTD-based solutions. A key focus is placed on the practical limitations of Sparse-TTD architectures, particularly the often-overlooked requirement for wideband PSs operating alongside TTDs, which can significantly impact performance and implementation cost in real-world scenarios, especially for ultra-wideband applications. Finally, we conduct a cost-performance analysis to examine the trade-offs inherent in each architecture and provide guidance on selecting the most suitable hybrid beamforming structure for various fractional bandwidth regimes. |
| title | Beam Squint Mitigation in Wideband Hybrid Beamformers: Full-TTD, Sparse-TTD, or Non-TTD? |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19381 |