Genome-Anchored Foundation Model Embeddings Improve Molecular Prediction from Histology Images

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Hauptverfasser: Jin, Cheng, Zhou, Fengtao, Yu, Yunfang, Ma, Jiabo, Wang, Yihui, Xu, Yingxue, Zhou, Huajun, Jiang, Hao, Luo, Luyang, Mao, Luhui, He, Zifan, Zhang, Xiuming, Zhang, Jing, Chan, Ronald, Yao, Herui, Chen, Hao
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Jin, Cheng
Zhou, Fengtao
Yu, Yunfang
Ma, Jiabo
Wang, Yihui
Xu, Yingxue
Zhou, Huajun
Jiang, Hao
Luo, Luyang
Mao, Luhui
He, Zifan
Zhang, Xiuming
Zhang, Jing
Chan, Ronald
Yao, Herui
Chen, Hao
author_facet Jin, Cheng
Zhou, Fengtao
Yu, Yunfang
Ma, Jiabo
Wang, Yihui
Xu, Yingxue
Zhou, Huajun
Jiang, Hao
Luo, Luyang
Mao, Luhui
He, Zifan
Zhang, Xiuming
Zhang, Jing
Chan, Ronald
Yao, Herui
Chen, Hao
contents Precision oncology requires accurate molecular insights, yet obtaining these directly from genomics is costly and time-consuming for broad clinical use. Predicting complex molecular features and patient prognosis directly from routine whole-slide images (WSI) remains a major challenge for current deep learning methods. Here we introduce PathLUPI, which uses transcriptomic privileged information during training to extract genome-anchored histological embeddings, enabling effective molecular prediction using only WSIs at inference. Through extensive evaluation across 49 molecular oncology tasks using 11,257 cases among 20 cohorts, PathLUPI demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional methods trained solely on WSIs. Crucially, it achieves AUC $\geq$ 0.80 in 14 of the biomarker prediction and molecular subtyping tasks and C-index $\geq$ 0.70 in survival cohorts of 5 major cancer types. Moreover, PathLUPI embeddings reveal distinct cellular morphological signatures associated with specific genotypes and related biological pathways within WSIs. By effectively encoding molecular context to refine WSI representations, PathLUPI overcomes a key limitation of existing models and offers a novel strategy to bridge molecular insights with routine pathology workflows for wider clinical application.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_19681
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Genome-Anchored Foundation Model Embeddings Improve Molecular Prediction from Histology Images
Jin, Cheng
Zhou, Fengtao
Yu, Yunfang
Ma, Jiabo
Wang, Yihui
Xu, Yingxue
Zhou, Huajun
Jiang, Hao
Luo, Luyang
Mao, Luhui
He, Zifan
Zhang, Xiuming
Zhang, Jing
Chan, Ronald
Yao, Herui
Chen, Hao
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Precision oncology requires accurate molecular insights, yet obtaining these directly from genomics is costly and time-consuming for broad clinical use. Predicting complex molecular features and patient prognosis directly from routine whole-slide images (WSI) remains a major challenge for current deep learning methods. Here we introduce PathLUPI, which uses transcriptomic privileged information during training to extract genome-anchored histological embeddings, enabling effective molecular prediction using only WSIs at inference. Through extensive evaluation across 49 molecular oncology tasks using 11,257 cases among 20 cohorts, PathLUPI demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional methods trained solely on WSIs. Crucially, it achieves AUC $\geq$ 0.80 in 14 of the biomarker prediction and molecular subtyping tasks and C-index $\geq$ 0.70 in survival cohorts of 5 major cancer types. Moreover, PathLUPI embeddings reveal distinct cellular morphological signatures associated with specific genotypes and related biological pathways within WSIs. By effectively encoding molecular context to refine WSI representations, PathLUPI overcomes a key limitation of existing models and offers a novel strategy to bridge molecular insights with routine pathology workflows for wider clinical application.
title Genome-Anchored Foundation Model Embeddings Improve Molecular Prediction from Histology Images
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19681