Non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry and odd weight polyharmonic Maaß form

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Hauptverfasser: Qu, Bu-Yao, Lu, Jun-Nan, Ding, Gui-Jun
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Qu, Bu-Yao
Lu, Jun-Nan
Ding, Gui-Jun
author_facet Qu, Bu-Yao
Lu, Jun-Nan
Ding, Gui-Jun
contents We extend the framework of non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry to include the odd weight polyharmonic Maaß forms. The integer weight polyharmonic Maaß forms of level $N$ can be arranged into multipltets of the homogeneous finite modular group $Γ'_N$. We propose to construct the integer weight, including weight one, non-holomorphic polyharmonic Maaß forms from the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series. The previous results of even weight polyharmonic Maaß forms are reproduced. We apply this formalism to address the flavor structure of the standard model. An example lepton model based on the modular group $Γ'_3\cong T'$ is constructed, where neutrino masses are generated via type-I seesaw mechanism with two right-handed neutrinos. This model can accommodate the experimental data for both normal and inverted neutrino mass orderings. We further extend this model to include quarks, so that the masses and mixing parameters of both quark and lepton sectors can be successfully described in terms of only thirteen real free parameters. It is the modular invariant model with the smallest number of free parameters so far, only normal ordering neutrino mass is viable after including quarks, and the correlations among the input parameters and flavor observables are analyzed.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_19822
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry and odd weight polyharmonic Maaß form
Qu, Bu-Yao
Lu, Jun-Nan
Ding, Gui-Jun
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
We extend the framework of non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry to include the odd weight polyharmonic Maaß forms. The integer weight polyharmonic Maaß forms of level $N$ can be arranged into multipltets of the homogeneous finite modular group $Γ'_N$. We propose to construct the integer weight, including weight one, non-holomorphic polyharmonic Maaß forms from the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series. The previous results of even weight polyharmonic Maaß forms are reproduced. We apply this formalism to address the flavor structure of the standard model. An example lepton model based on the modular group $Γ'_3\cong T'$ is constructed, where neutrino masses are generated via type-I seesaw mechanism with two right-handed neutrinos. This model can accommodate the experimental data for both normal and inverted neutrino mass orderings. We further extend this model to include quarks, so that the masses and mixing parameters of both quark and lepton sectors can be successfully described in terms of only thirteen real free parameters. It is the modular invariant model with the smallest number of free parameters so far, only normal ordering neutrino mass is viable after including quarks, and the correlations among the input parameters and flavor observables are analyzed.
title Non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry and odd weight polyharmonic Maaß form
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19822