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Main Authors: Yuan, Mingqi, Yu, Tao, Ge, Wenqi, Yao, Xiuyong, Wang, Huijiang, Chen, Jiayu, Li, Bo, Zhang, Wei, Zeng, Wenjun, Chen, Hua, Jin, Xin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20487
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author Yuan, Mingqi
Yu, Tao
Ge, Wenqi
Yao, Xiuyong
Wang, Huijiang
Chen, Jiayu
Li, Bo
Zhang, Wei
Zeng, Wenjun
Chen, Hua
Jin, Xin
author_facet Yuan, Mingqi
Yu, Tao
Ge, Wenqi
Yao, Xiuyong
Wang, Huijiang
Chen, Jiayu
Li, Bo
Zhang, Wei
Zeng, Wenjun
Chen, Hua
Jin, Xin
contents Humanoid robots are drawing significant attention as versatile platforms for complex motor control, human-robot interaction, and general-purpose physical intelligence. However, achieving efficient whole-body control (WBC) in humanoids remains a fundamental challenge due to sophisticated dynamics, underactuation, and diverse task requirements. While learning-based controllers have shown promise for complex tasks, their reliance on labor-intensive and costly retraining for new scenarios limits real-world applicability. To address these limitations, behavior(al) foundation models (BFMs) have emerged as a new paradigm that leverages large-scale pre-training to learn reusable primitive skills and broad behavioral priors, enabling zero-shot or rapid adaptation to a wide range of downstream tasks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of BFMs for humanoid WBC, tracing their development across diverse pre-training pipelines. Furthermore, we discuss real-world applications, current limitations, urgent challenges, and future opportunities, positioning BFMs as a key approach toward scalable and general-purpose humanoid intelligence. Finally, we provide a curated and regularly updated collection of BFM papers and projects to facilitate more subsequent research, which is available at https://github.com/yuanmingqi/awesome-bfm-papers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_20487
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Survey of Behavior Foundation Model: Next-Generation Whole-Body Control System of Humanoid Robots
Yuan, Mingqi
Yu, Tao
Ge, Wenqi
Yao, Xiuyong
Wang, Huijiang
Chen, Jiayu
Li, Bo
Zhang, Wei
Zeng, Wenjun
Chen, Hua
Jin, Xin
Robotics
Humanoid robots are drawing significant attention as versatile platforms for complex motor control, human-robot interaction, and general-purpose physical intelligence. However, achieving efficient whole-body control (WBC) in humanoids remains a fundamental challenge due to sophisticated dynamics, underactuation, and diverse task requirements. While learning-based controllers have shown promise for complex tasks, their reliance on labor-intensive and costly retraining for new scenarios limits real-world applicability. To address these limitations, behavior(al) foundation models (BFMs) have emerged as a new paradigm that leverages large-scale pre-training to learn reusable primitive skills and broad behavioral priors, enabling zero-shot or rapid adaptation to a wide range of downstream tasks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of BFMs for humanoid WBC, tracing their development across diverse pre-training pipelines. Furthermore, we discuss real-world applications, current limitations, urgent challenges, and future opportunities, positioning BFMs as a key approach toward scalable and general-purpose humanoid intelligence. Finally, we provide a curated and regularly updated collection of BFM papers and projects to facilitate more subsequent research, which is available at https://github.com/yuanmingqi/awesome-bfm-papers.
title A Survey of Behavior Foundation Model: Next-Generation Whole-Body Control System of Humanoid Robots
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20487