On likelihood of a Condorcet winner for uniformly random and independent voter preferences

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Pittel, Boris
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866908627761102848
author Pittel, Boris
author_facet Pittel, Boris
contents We study a mathematical model of voting contest with $m$ voters and $n$ candidates, with each voter ranking the candidates in order of preference, without ties. A Condorcet winner is a candidate who gets more than $m/2$ votes in pairwise contest with every other candidate. An ``impartial culture'' setting is the case when each voter chooses his/her candidate preference list uniformly at random from all $n!$ preferences, and does it independently of all other voters. For impartial culture case, Robert May and Lisa Sauermann showed that when $m=2k-1$ is fixed ($k=2$ and $k>2$ respectively), and $n$ grows indefinitely, the probability of a Condorcet winner is small, of order $n^{-(k-1)/k}$. We show if $m, n\to\infty$ and $m\gg n^4$, then for each fixed $\ell$ the probability of a Condercet winner is at most of order $n^{-\ell} + n^2/m^{1/2}$, thus converges to zero.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_20613
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On likelihood of a Condorcet winner for uniformly random and independent voter preferences
Pittel, Boris
Combinatorics
05A05, 05A15, 05A16, 05C05, 06B05, 05C80, 05D40, 60C05
We study a mathematical model of voting contest with $m$ voters and $n$ candidates, with each voter ranking the candidates in order of preference, without ties. A Condorcet winner is a candidate who gets more than $m/2$ votes in pairwise contest with every other candidate. An ``impartial culture'' setting is the case when each voter chooses his/her candidate preference list uniformly at random from all $n!$ preferences, and does it independently of all other voters. For impartial culture case, Robert May and Lisa Sauermann showed that when $m=2k-1$ is fixed ($k=2$ and $k>2$ respectively), and $n$ grows indefinitely, the probability of a Condorcet winner is small, of order $n^{-(k-1)/k}$. We show if $m, n\to\infty$ and $m\gg n^4$, then for each fixed $\ell$ the probability of a Condercet winner is at most of order $n^{-\ell} + n^2/m^{1/2}$, thus converges to zero.
title On likelihood of a Condorcet winner for uniformly random and independent voter preferences
topic Combinatorics
05A05, 05A15, 05A16, 05C05, 06B05, 05C80, 05D40, 60C05
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20613