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Main Authors: Wang, Zijun, Tsai, Shawn, Kiran, Rama, Zhang, Rui
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20783
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author Wang, Zijun
Tsai, Shawn
Kiran, Rama
Zhang, Rui
author_facet Wang, Zijun
Tsai, Shawn
Kiran, Rama
Zhang, Rui
contents Extremely large antenna arrays (ELAAs) operating in high-frequency bands have spurred the development of near-field communication, driving advancements in beam training and signal processing design. In this work, we present a low-complexity near-field beam training scheme that fully utilizes the conventional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook designed for far-field users. We begin by analyzing the received beam pattern in the near field and derive closed-form expressions for the beam width and central gain. These analytical results enable the definition of an angle-dependent, modified Rayleigh distance, which effectively distinguishes near-field and far-field user regimes. Building on the analysis, we develop a direct and computationally efficient method to estimate user distance, with a complexity of O(1), and further improve its accuracy through a simple refinement. Simulation results demonstrate significant gains in both single- and multi-user settings, with up to 2.38 dB SNR improvement over exhaustive search. To further enhance estimation accuracy, we additionally propose a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based refinement method, leveraging the Rician distribution of signal amplitudes and achieving accuracy close to the Cramer--Rao bound (CRB). Simulation shows the single-user and multi-user achievable rates can both approach those obtained with ideal channel state information.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_20783
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Precise Near-Field Beam Training with DFT Codebook based on Amplitude-only Measurement
Wang, Zijun
Tsai, Shawn
Kiran, Rama
Zhang, Rui
Signal Processing
Extremely large antenna arrays (ELAAs) operating in high-frequency bands have spurred the development of near-field communication, driving advancements in beam training and signal processing design. In this work, we present a low-complexity near-field beam training scheme that fully utilizes the conventional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook designed for far-field users. We begin by analyzing the received beam pattern in the near field and derive closed-form expressions for the beam width and central gain. These analytical results enable the definition of an angle-dependent, modified Rayleigh distance, which effectively distinguishes near-field and far-field user regimes. Building on the analysis, we develop a direct and computationally efficient method to estimate user distance, with a complexity of O(1), and further improve its accuracy through a simple refinement. Simulation results demonstrate significant gains in both single- and multi-user settings, with up to 2.38 dB SNR improvement over exhaustive search. To further enhance estimation accuracy, we additionally propose a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based refinement method, leveraging the Rician distribution of signal amplitudes and achieving accuracy close to the Cramer--Rao bound (CRB). Simulation shows the single-user and multi-user achievable rates can both approach those obtained with ideal channel state information.
title Precise Near-Field Beam Training with DFT Codebook based on Amplitude-only Measurement
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20783