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Main Author: Seidel, Jona
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21130
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author Seidel, Jona
author_facet Seidel, Jona
contents We define an invariant of triple-point-free immersions of $2$-spheres into Euclidean $3$-space, taking values in $l^1(\mathbb{Z})$. It remains unchanged under regular homotopies through such immersions. An explicit description of its image shows that the space of triple-point-free immersed spheres has infinitely many regular homotopy classes. Consequently, many pairs of immersed spheres can only be connected by regular homotopies that pass through triple points. We represent the double points of a triple-point-free immersed sphere using a directed tree, equipped with a pair relation on the edges and an integer-valued function on the vertices. The invariant depends on this function and on the vertex indegrees.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_21130
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Invariant for Triple-Point-Free Immersed Spheres
Seidel, Jona
Geometric Topology
57R42, 57R45, 57M15
We define an invariant of triple-point-free immersions of $2$-spheres into Euclidean $3$-space, taking values in $l^1(\mathbb{Z})$. It remains unchanged under regular homotopies through such immersions. An explicit description of its image shows that the space of triple-point-free immersed spheres has infinitely many regular homotopy classes. Consequently, many pairs of immersed spheres can only be connected by regular homotopies that pass through triple points. We represent the double points of a triple-point-free immersed sphere using a directed tree, equipped with a pair relation on the edges and an integer-valued function on the vertices. The invariant depends on this function and on the vertex indegrees.
title An Invariant for Triple-Point-Free Immersed Spheres
topic Geometric Topology
57R42, 57R45, 57M15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21130