Ghost-Free Quantisation of Higher Time-Derivative Theories via Non-Unitary Similarity Transformations

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Fring, Andreas, Taira, Takano, Turner, Bethan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Fring, Andreas
Taira, Takano
Turner, Bethan
author_facet Fring, Andreas
Taira, Takano
Turner, Bethan
contents We address the long-standing ``ghost problem" in higher time-derivative theories (HTDTs), where quantisation typically yields sectors with either unbounded spectra or non-normalisable eigenstates; both rendering the theory unphysical. We propose a novel method that preserves the bounded nature of the spectrum in one particular sector while restoring normalisability by employing a non-unitary similarity transformation. Inspired by techniques from pseudo/quasi-Hermitian PT-symmetric quantum mechanics, we construct a non-unitary map between two Hermitian Hamiltonians, converting ghostly sectors into physically viable ones. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach using a concrete HTDT model, related to the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator, and show that the transformed system admits normalisable eigenstates and a spectrum bounded from below. This framework offers a consistent re-interpretation of HTDTs and extends the toolbox for constructing ghost-free quantum models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_21400
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Ghost-Free Quantisation of Higher Time-Derivative Theories via Non-Unitary Similarity Transformations
Fring, Andreas
Taira, Takano
Turner, Bethan
Quantum Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
Mathematical Physics
We address the long-standing ``ghost problem" in higher time-derivative theories (HTDTs), where quantisation typically yields sectors with either unbounded spectra or non-normalisable eigenstates; both rendering the theory unphysical. We propose a novel method that preserves the bounded nature of the spectrum in one particular sector while restoring normalisability by employing a non-unitary similarity transformation. Inspired by techniques from pseudo/quasi-Hermitian PT-symmetric quantum mechanics, we construct a non-unitary map between two Hermitian Hamiltonians, converting ghostly sectors into physically viable ones. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach using a concrete HTDT model, related to the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator, and show that the transformed system admits normalisable eigenstates and a spectrum bounded from below. This framework offers a consistent re-interpretation of HTDTs and extends the toolbox for constructing ghost-free quantum models.
title Ghost-Free Quantisation of Higher Time-Derivative Theories via Non-Unitary Similarity Transformations
topic Quantum Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
Mathematical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21400