The Open Proof Corpus: A Large-Scale Study of LLM-Generated Mathematical Proofs

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Main Authors: Dekoninck, Jasper, Petrov, Ivo, Minchev, Kristian, Balunovic, Mislav, Vechev, Martin, Marinov, Miroslav, Drencheva, Maria, Konova, Lyuba, Shumanov, Milen, Tsvetkov, Kaloyan, Drenchev, Nikolay, Todorov, Lazar, Nikolova, Kalina, Georgiev, Nikolay, Kalinkova, Vanesa, Ismoldayev, Margulan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Dekoninck, Jasper
Petrov, Ivo
Minchev, Kristian
Balunovic, Mislav
Vechev, Martin
Marinov, Miroslav
Drencheva, Maria
Konova, Lyuba
Shumanov, Milen
Tsvetkov, Kaloyan
Drenchev, Nikolay
Todorov, Lazar
Nikolova, Kalina
Georgiev, Nikolay
Kalinkova, Vanesa
Ismoldayev, Margulan
author_facet Dekoninck, Jasper
Petrov, Ivo
Minchev, Kristian
Balunovic, Mislav
Vechev, Martin
Marinov, Miroslav
Drencheva, Maria
Konova, Lyuba
Shumanov, Milen
Tsvetkov, Kaloyan
Drenchev, Nikolay
Todorov, Lazar
Nikolova, Kalina
Georgiev, Nikolay
Kalinkova, Vanesa
Ismoldayev, Margulan
contents In recent months, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in mathematical proof generation, but further advancement is hindered by the lack of a large-scale, high-quality dataset of human-evaluated proofs. While expensive to create, such a dataset is essential for driving improvements in training and enabling a rigorous analysis of proof generation capabilities. In this work, we present the Open Proof Corpus (OPC), a dataset comprising over 5,000 human-evaluated proofs produced by state-of-the-art LLMs. The OPC was specifically designed for broad applicability and downstream usage in proof generation research and is the first to include a substantial number of correct, LLM-generated solutions to problems from prestigious mathematics competitions such as the USAMO and IMO. Using the OPC, we explore critical questions in automated proof generation: (1) the performance gap between natural language and formal proof generation, (2) the discrepancy between final-answer accuracy and full-proof validity, and (3) the impact of best-of-n selection on proof quality. Finally, to showcase the utility of the OPC, we finetune an 8B-parameter model on the dataset, obtaining a model that performs on par with the best model, Gemini-2.5-Pro, on the task of evaluating proof correctness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_21621
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Open Proof Corpus: A Large-Scale Study of LLM-Generated Mathematical Proofs
Dekoninck, Jasper
Petrov, Ivo
Minchev, Kristian
Balunovic, Mislav
Vechev, Martin
Marinov, Miroslav
Drencheva, Maria
Konova, Lyuba
Shumanov, Milen
Tsvetkov, Kaloyan
Drenchev, Nikolay
Todorov, Lazar
Nikolova, Kalina
Georgiev, Nikolay
Kalinkova, Vanesa
Ismoldayev, Margulan
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
In recent months, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in mathematical proof generation, but further advancement is hindered by the lack of a large-scale, high-quality dataset of human-evaluated proofs. While expensive to create, such a dataset is essential for driving improvements in training and enabling a rigorous analysis of proof generation capabilities. In this work, we present the Open Proof Corpus (OPC), a dataset comprising over 5,000 human-evaluated proofs produced by state-of-the-art LLMs. The OPC was specifically designed for broad applicability and downstream usage in proof generation research and is the first to include a substantial number of correct, LLM-generated solutions to problems from prestigious mathematics competitions such as the USAMO and IMO. Using the OPC, we explore critical questions in automated proof generation: (1) the performance gap between natural language and formal proof generation, (2) the discrepancy between final-answer accuracy and full-proof validity, and (3) the impact of best-of-n selection on proof quality. Finally, to showcase the utility of the OPC, we finetune an 8B-parameter model on the dataset, obtaining a model that performs on par with the best model, Gemini-2.5-Pro, on the task of evaluating proof correctness.
title The Open Proof Corpus: A Large-Scale Study of LLM-Generated Mathematical Proofs
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21621