_version_ 1866915361219149824
author Lauer, Tod R.
Munro, David H.
Spencer, John R.
Buie, Marc W.
Gomez, Edward L.
Hennessy, Gregory S.
Henry, Todd J.
Kaplan, George H.
Kielkopf, John F.
May, Brian H.
Parker, Joel W.
Porter, Simon B.
Vrijmoet, Eliot Halley
Weaver, Harold A.
Brandt, Pontus
Singer, Kelsi N.
Stern, S. Alan
Verbiscer, Anne. J.
Acosta, Pedro
Arias, Nicolás Ariel
Babino, Sergio
Ballan, Gustavo Enrique
Buso, Víctor Ángel
Conard, Steven J.
Airas, Daniel Das
Di Scala, Giorgio
Fornari, César
Fraire, Jossiel
Gerard, Brian Nicolás
González, Federico
Goytea, Gerardo
Guzmán, Emilio Mora
Hanna, William
Keel, William C.
Kleiman, Aldo
López, Anselmo
Machuca, Jorge Gerardo
Málaga, Leonardo
Martínez, Claudio
Martinez, Denis
Meliá, Raúl
Monópoli, Marcelo
Murison, Marc A.
Pohle, Leandro Emiliano Fernandez
Ribas, Mariano
Sánchez, José Luis Ramón
Scauso, Sergio
Terrell, Dirk
Traub, Thomas
Valenti, Pedro Oscar
Valenzuela, Ángel
von Hippel, Ted
Chen, Wen Ping
Zambelis, Dennis
author_facet Lauer, Tod R.
Munro, David H.
Spencer, John R.
Buie, Marc W.
Gomez, Edward L.
Hennessy, Gregory S.
Henry, Todd J.
Kaplan, George H.
Kielkopf, John F.
May, Brian H.
Parker, Joel W.
Porter, Simon B.
Vrijmoet, Eliot Halley
Weaver, Harold A.
Brandt, Pontus
Singer, Kelsi N.
Stern, S. Alan
Verbiscer, Anne. J.
Acosta, Pedro
Arias, Nicolás Ariel
Babino, Sergio
Ballan, Gustavo Enrique
Buso, Víctor Ángel
Conard, Steven J.
Airas, Daniel Das
Di Scala, Giorgio
Fornari, César
Fraire, Jossiel
Gerard, Brian Nicolás
González, Federico
Goytea, Gerardo
Guzmán, Emilio Mora
Hanna, William
Keel, William C.
Kleiman, Aldo
López, Anselmo
Machuca, Jorge Gerardo
Málaga, Leonardo
Martínez, Claudio
Martinez, Denis
Meliá, Raúl
Monópoli, Marcelo
Murison, Marc A.
Pohle, Leandro Emiliano Fernandez
Ribas, Mariano
Sánchez, José Luis Ramón
Scauso, Sergio
Terrell, Dirk
Traub, Thomas
Valenti, Pedro Oscar
Valenzuela, Ángel
von Hippel, Ted
Chen, Wen Ping
Zambelis, Dennis
contents As NASA's New Horizons spacecraft exits the Solar System bound for interstellar space, it has traveled so far that the nearest stars have shifted markedly from their positions seen from Earth. We demonstrated this by imaging the Proxima Centauri and Wolf 359 fields from Earth and New Horizons on 2020 April 23, when the spacecraft was 47.1 au distant. The observed parallaxes for Proxima Centauri and Wolf 359 are $32.4''$ and $15.7'',$ respectively. These measurements are not of research grade, but directly seeing large stellar parallaxes between two widely separated simultaneous observers is vividly educational. Using the New Horizons positions of the two stars alone, referenced to the three-dimensional model of the solar neighborhood constructed from Gaia DR3 astrometry, further provides the spacecraft spatial position relative to nearby stars with 0.44 au accuracy. The range to New Horizons from the Solar System barycenter is recovered to 0.27 au accuracy, and its angular direction to $0.4^\circ$ accuracy, when compared to the precise values from NASA Deep Space Network tracking. This is the first time optical stellar astrometry has been used to determine the three-dimensional location of a spacecraft with respect to nearby stars, and the first time any method of interstellar navigation has been demonstrated for a spacecraft on an interstellar trajectory. We conclude that the best astrometric approach to navigating spacecraft on their departures to interstellar space is to use a single pair of the closest stars as references, rather than a large sample of more distant stars.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_21666
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Demonstration of Interstellar Navigation Using New Horizons
Lauer, Tod R.
Munro, David H.
Spencer, John R.
Buie, Marc W.
Gomez, Edward L.
Hennessy, Gregory S.
Henry, Todd J.
Kaplan, George H.
Kielkopf, John F.
May, Brian H.
Parker, Joel W.
Porter, Simon B.
Vrijmoet, Eliot Halley
Weaver, Harold A.
Brandt, Pontus
Singer, Kelsi N.
Stern, S. Alan
Verbiscer, Anne. J.
Acosta, Pedro
Arias, Nicolás Ariel
Babino, Sergio
Ballan, Gustavo Enrique
Buso, Víctor Ángel
Conard, Steven J.
Airas, Daniel Das
Di Scala, Giorgio
Fornari, César
Fraire, Jossiel
Gerard, Brian Nicolás
González, Federico
Goytea, Gerardo
Guzmán, Emilio Mora
Hanna, William
Keel, William C.
Kleiman, Aldo
López, Anselmo
Machuca, Jorge Gerardo
Málaga, Leonardo
Martínez, Claudio
Martinez, Denis
Meliá, Raúl
Monópoli, Marcelo
Murison, Marc A.
Pohle, Leandro Emiliano Fernandez
Ribas, Mariano
Sánchez, José Luis Ramón
Scauso, Sergio
Terrell, Dirk
Traub, Thomas
Valenti, Pedro Oscar
Valenzuela, Ángel
von Hippel, Ted
Chen, Wen Ping
Zambelis, Dennis
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
As NASA's New Horizons spacecraft exits the Solar System bound for interstellar space, it has traveled so far that the nearest stars have shifted markedly from their positions seen from Earth. We demonstrated this by imaging the Proxima Centauri and Wolf 359 fields from Earth and New Horizons on 2020 April 23, when the spacecraft was 47.1 au distant. The observed parallaxes for Proxima Centauri and Wolf 359 are $32.4''$ and $15.7'',$ respectively. These measurements are not of research grade, but directly seeing large stellar parallaxes between two widely separated simultaneous observers is vividly educational. Using the New Horizons positions of the two stars alone, referenced to the three-dimensional model of the solar neighborhood constructed from Gaia DR3 astrometry, further provides the spacecraft spatial position relative to nearby stars with 0.44 au accuracy. The range to New Horizons from the Solar System barycenter is recovered to 0.27 au accuracy, and its angular direction to $0.4^\circ$ accuracy, when compared to the precise values from NASA Deep Space Network tracking. This is the first time optical stellar astrometry has been used to determine the three-dimensional location of a spacecraft with respect to nearby stars, and the first time any method of interstellar navigation has been demonstrated for a spacecraft on an interstellar trajectory. We conclude that the best astrometric approach to navigating spacecraft on their departures to interstellar space is to use a single pair of the closest stars as references, rather than a large sample of more distant stars.
title A Demonstration of Interstellar Navigation Using New Horizons
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21666