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Main Authors: Liu, Xiaoqing, Zeng, Kehan, Luo, Zedong, Wang, Yangshuai, Zhao, Teng, Xu, Zhenli
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21935
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author Liu, Xiaoqing
Zeng, Kehan
Luo, Zedong
Wang, Yangshuai
Zhao, Teng
Xu, Zhenli
author_facet Liu, Xiaoqing
Zeng, Kehan
Luo, Zedong
Wang, Yangshuai
Zhao, Teng
Xu, Zhenli
contents Universal machine-learned interatomic potentials (U-MLIPs) have demonstrated broad applicability across diverse atomistic systems but often require fine-tuning to achieve task-specific accuracy. While the number of available U-MLIPs and their fine-tuning applications is rapidly expanding, there remains a lack of systematic guidance on how to effectively fine-tune these models. This tutorial provides a comprehensive, step-by-step guide to fine-tuning U-MLIPs for computational materials modeling. Using the recently released MACE-MP-0 as a representative foundation model, we illustrate the full workflow of dataset preparation, hyperparameter selection, model training, and validation. Beyond methodological guidance, we conduct systematic case studies on solid-state electrolytes, stacking fault defects in metals, semiconductors, solid-liquid interfacial interactions in low-dimensional systems, and more complicated heterointerfaces. These examples demonstrate that fine-tuning substantially improves predictive accuracy while maintaining affordable computational cost, accelerates training convergence, enhances out-of-distribution generalization, and achieves superior data efficiency. Remarkably, fine-tuned foundation models can even capture aspects of long-range physics without explicit corrections. Together, these results highlight that fine-tuning not only provides a practical recipe for applying U-MLIPs, but also offers new insights into their physical fidelity and potential for advancing large-scale atomistic simulations. To support practical applications, we include code examples that enable researchers, particularly those new to the field, to efficiently incorporate fine-tuned U-MLIPs into their workflows.
format Preprint
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publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fine-Tuning Universal Machine-Learned Interatomic Potentials: A Tutorial on Methods and Applications
Liu, Xiaoqing
Zeng, Kehan
Luo, Zedong
Wang, Yangshuai
Zhao, Teng
Xu, Zhenli
Computational Physics
Universal machine-learned interatomic potentials (U-MLIPs) have demonstrated broad applicability across diverse atomistic systems but often require fine-tuning to achieve task-specific accuracy. While the number of available U-MLIPs and their fine-tuning applications is rapidly expanding, there remains a lack of systematic guidance on how to effectively fine-tune these models. This tutorial provides a comprehensive, step-by-step guide to fine-tuning U-MLIPs for computational materials modeling. Using the recently released MACE-MP-0 as a representative foundation model, we illustrate the full workflow of dataset preparation, hyperparameter selection, model training, and validation. Beyond methodological guidance, we conduct systematic case studies on solid-state electrolytes, stacking fault defects in metals, semiconductors, solid-liquid interfacial interactions in low-dimensional systems, and more complicated heterointerfaces. These examples demonstrate that fine-tuning substantially improves predictive accuracy while maintaining affordable computational cost, accelerates training convergence, enhances out-of-distribution generalization, and achieves superior data efficiency. Remarkably, fine-tuned foundation models can even capture aspects of long-range physics without explicit corrections. Together, these results highlight that fine-tuning not only provides a practical recipe for applying U-MLIPs, but also offers new insights into their physical fidelity and potential for advancing large-scale atomistic simulations. To support practical applications, we include code examples that enable researchers, particularly those new to the field, to efficiently incorporate fine-tuned U-MLIPs into their workflows.
title Fine-Tuning Universal Machine-Learned Interatomic Potentials: A Tutorial on Methods and Applications
topic Computational Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21935