Kilonova constraints for the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA neutron star merger candidate S250206dm: GW-MMADS observations
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2025
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| author | Hu, Lei Cabrera, Tomás Palmese, Antonella Freeburn, James Bulla, Mattia Andreoni, Igor Hall, Xander J. O'Connor, Brendan Amsellem, Ariel Bom, Clécio R. Busmann, Malte Fabà, Jennifer Gassert, Julius Kalabalik, Sena Kunnumkai, Keerthi Gruen, Daniel Santana-Silva, Luidhy Santos, André Ahumada, Tomás Carney, Jonathan Coughlin, Michael W. Chen, Xingzhuo Ford, K. E. Saavik Holz, Daniel E. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Hernandez, Ignacio Magaña Mihalenko, Cassidy Perna, Rosalba Riffeser, Arno Ries, Christoph Schnappinger, Lena Schmidt, Michael Sommer, Julian Teague, Sarah Vega, Pablo Volchansky, Olga Wang, Lifan Zhang, Yajie |
| author_facet | Hu, Lei Cabrera, Tomás Palmese, Antonella Freeburn, James Bulla, Mattia Andreoni, Igor Hall, Xander J. O'Connor, Brendan Amsellem, Ariel Bom, Clécio R. Busmann, Malte Fabà, Jennifer Gassert, Julius Kalabalik, Sena Kunnumkai, Keerthi Gruen, Daniel Santana-Silva, Luidhy Santos, André Ahumada, Tomás Carney, Jonathan Coughlin, Michael W. Chen, Xingzhuo Ford, K. E. Saavik Holz, Daniel E. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Hernandez, Ignacio Magaña Mihalenko, Cassidy Perna, Rosalba Riffeser, Arno Ries, Christoph Schnappinger, Lena Schmidt, Michael Sommer, Julian Teague, Sarah Vega, Pablo Volchansky, Olga Wang, Lifan Zhang, Yajie |
| contents | Gravitational wave (GW) neutron star mergers with an associated electromagnetic counterpart constitute powerful probes of binary evolution, the production sites of heavy elements, general relativity, and the expansion of the universe. Only a handful of candidate GW binary mergers during the fourth LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing run (O4) so far are believed to include a neutron star. We present optical-near infrared follow-up observations of the candidate neutron-star black hole GW merger S250206dm. This is the first high-significance mass gap neutron star-black hole candidate observed by multiple GW detectors (thus having a significantly smaller sky localization than one-detector events), offering the first opportunity to effectively follow up a GW event of this kind. Our GW MultiMessenger Astronomy DECam Survey (GW-MMADS) campaign consisted of a wide-field search using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and T80-South (T80S), as well as galaxy-targeted observations using the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) imager and the Wendelstein 2.1m 3-channel camera. No viable kilonova counterpart was found in our observations. We use our observation depths to place competitive constraints on kilonova models similar to or brighter than the GW170817 kilonova AT 2017gfo within our observed fields, ruling out 100\% of such models with SOAR galaxy-targeted observations and $\sim43$\% (48\%) with DECam (DECam and T80S). |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_22626 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Kilonova constraints for the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA neutron star merger candidate S250206dm: GW-MMADS observations Hu, Lei Cabrera, Tomás Palmese, Antonella Freeburn, James Bulla, Mattia Andreoni, Igor Hall, Xander J. O'Connor, Brendan Amsellem, Ariel Bom, Clécio R. Busmann, Malte Fabà, Jennifer Gassert, Julius Kalabalik, Sena Kunnumkai, Keerthi Gruen, Daniel Santana-Silva, Luidhy Santos, André Ahumada, Tomás Carney, Jonathan Coughlin, Michael W. Chen, Xingzhuo Ford, K. E. Saavik Holz, Daniel E. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Hernandez, Ignacio Magaña Mihalenko, Cassidy Perna, Rosalba Riffeser, Arno Ries, Christoph Schnappinger, Lena Schmidt, Michael Sommer, Julian Teague, Sarah Vega, Pablo Volchansky, Olga Wang, Lifan Zhang, Yajie High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Gravitational wave (GW) neutron star mergers with an associated electromagnetic counterpart constitute powerful probes of binary evolution, the production sites of heavy elements, general relativity, and the expansion of the universe. Only a handful of candidate GW binary mergers during the fourth LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing run (O4) so far are believed to include a neutron star. We present optical-near infrared follow-up observations of the candidate neutron-star black hole GW merger S250206dm. This is the first high-significance mass gap neutron star-black hole candidate observed by multiple GW detectors (thus having a significantly smaller sky localization than one-detector events), offering the first opportunity to effectively follow up a GW event of this kind. Our GW MultiMessenger Astronomy DECam Survey (GW-MMADS) campaign consisted of a wide-field search using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and T80-South (T80S), as well as galaxy-targeted observations using the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) imager and the Wendelstein 2.1m 3-channel camera. No viable kilonova counterpart was found in our observations. We use our observation depths to place competitive constraints on kilonova models similar to or brighter than the GW170817 kilonova AT 2017gfo within our observed fields, ruling out 100\% of such models with SOAR galaxy-targeted observations and $\sim43$\% (48\%) with DECam (DECam and T80S). |
| title | Kilonova constraints for the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA neutron star merger candidate S250206dm: GW-MMADS observations |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22626 |