Positioning AI Tools to Support Online Harm Reduction Practice: Applications and Design Directions

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Main Authors: Wang, Kaixuan, Jacques, Jason T., Diao, Chenxin, Dreue, Carl-Cyril J
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Kaixuan
Jacques, Jason T.
Diao, Chenxin
Dreue, Carl-Cyril J
author_facet Wang, Kaixuan
Jacques, Jason T.
Diao, Chenxin
Dreue, Carl-Cyril J
contents Access to accurate and actionable harm reduction information can directly impact the health outcomes of People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), yet existing online channels often fail to meet their diverse and dynamic needs due to limitations in adaptability, accessibility, and the pervasive impact of stigma. Large Language Models (LLMs) present a novel opportunity to enhance information provision, but their application in such a high-stakes domain is under-explored and presents socio-technical challenges. This paper investigates how LLMs can be responsibly designed to support the information needs of PWUD. Through a qualitative workshop involving diverse stakeholder groups (academics, harm reduction practitioners, and an online community moderator), we explored LLM capabilities, identified potential use cases, and delineated core design considerations. Our findings reveal that while LLMs can address some existing information barriers (e.g., by offering responsive, multilingual, and potentially less stigmatising interactions), their effectiveness is contingent upon overcoming challenges related to ethical alignment with harm reduction principles, nuanced contextual understanding, effective communication, and clearly defined operational boundaries. We articulate design pathways emphasising collaborative co-design with experts and PWUD to develop LLM systems that are helpful, safe, and responsibly governed. This work contributes empirically grounded insights and actionable design considerations for the responsible development of LLMs as supportive tools within the harm reduction ecosystem.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_22941
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Positioning AI Tools to Support Online Harm Reduction Practice: Applications and Design Directions
Wang, Kaixuan
Jacques, Jason T.
Diao, Chenxin
Dreue, Carl-Cyril J
Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
Access to accurate and actionable harm reduction information can directly impact the health outcomes of People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), yet existing online channels often fail to meet their diverse and dynamic needs due to limitations in adaptability, accessibility, and the pervasive impact of stigma. Large Language Models (LLMs) present a novel opportunity to enhance information provision, but their application in such a high-stakes domain is under-explored and presents socio-technical challenges. This paper investigates how LLMs can be responsibly designed to support the information needs of PWUD. Through a qualitative workshop involving diverse stakeholder groups (academics, harm reduction practitioners, and an online community moderator), we explored LLM capabilities, identified potential use cases, and delineated core design considerations. Our findings reveal that while LLMs can address some existing information barriers (e.g., by offering responsive, multilingual, and potentially less stigmatising interactions), their effectiveness is contingent upon overcoming challenges related to ethical alignment with harm reduction principles, nuanced contextual understanding, effective communication, and clearly defined operational boundaries. We articulate design pathways emphasising collaborative co-design with experts and PWUD to develop LLM systems that are helpful, safe, and responsibly governed. This work contributes empirically grounded insights and actionable design considerations for the responsible development of LLMs as supportive tools within the harm reduction ecosystem.
title Positioning AI Tools to Support Online Harm Reduction Practice: Applications and Design Directions
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22941