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Main Authors: Lam, Kevin, Daniels, William, Douglas, J Maxwell, Lai, Daniel, Aparicio, Samuel, Bloem-Reddy, Benjamin, Park, Yongjin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22963
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author Lam, Kevin
Daniels, William
Douglas, J Maxwell
Lai, Daniel
Aparicio, Samuel
Bloem-Reddy, Benjamin
Park, Yongjin
author_facet Lam, Kevin
Daniels, William
Douglas, J Maxwell
Lai, Daniel
Aparicio, Samuel
Bloem-Reddy, Benjamin
Park, Yongjin
contents Cancer is a genetic disorder whose clonal evolution can be monitored by tracking noisy genome-wide copy number variants. We introduce the Copy Number Stochastic Block Model (CN-SBM), a probabilistic framework that jointly clusters samples and genomic regions based on discrete copy number states using a bipartite categorical block model. Unlike models relying on Gaussian or Poisson assumptions, CN-SBM respects the discrete nature of CNV calls and captures subpopulation-specific patterns through block-wise structure. Using a two-stage approach, CN-SBM decomposes CNV data into primary and residual components, enabling detection of both large-scale chromosomal alterations and finer aberrations. We derive a scalable variational inference algorithm for application to large cohorts and high-resolution data. Benchmarks on simulated and real datasets show improved model fit over existing methods. Applied to TCGA low-grade glioma data, CN-SBM reveals clinically relevant subtypes and structured residual variation, aiding patient stratification in survival analysis. These results establish CN-SBM as an interpretable, scalable framework for CNV analysis with direct relevance for tumor heterogeneity and prognosis.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_22963
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CN-SBM: Categorical Block Modelling For Primary and Residual Copy Number Variation
Lam, Kevin
Daniels, William
Douglas, J Maxwell
Lai, Daniel
Aparicio, Samuel
Bloem-Reddy, Benjamin
Park, Yongjin
Machine Learning
Genomics
Cancer is a genetic disorder whose clonal evolution can be monitored by tracking noisy genome-wide copy number variants. We introduce the Copy Number Stochastic Block Model (CN-SBM), a probabilistic framework that jointly clusters samples and genomic regions based on discrete copy number states using a bipartite categorical block model. Unlike models relying on Gaussian or Poisson assumptions, CN-SBM respects the discrete nature of CNV calls and captures subpopulation-specific patterns through block-wise structure. Using a two-stage approach, CN-SBM decomposes CNV data into primary and residual components, enabling detection of both large-scale chromosomal alterations and finer aberrations. We derive a scalable variational inference algorithm for application to large cohorts and high-resolution data. Benchmarks on simulated and real datasets show improved model fit over existing methods. Applied to TCGA low-grade glioma data, CN-SBM reveals clinically relevant subtypes and structured residual variation, aiding patient stratification in survival analysis. These results establish CN-SBM as an interpretable, scalable framework for CNV analysis with direct relevance for tumor heterogeneity and prognosis.
title CN-SBM: Categorical Block Modelling For Primary and Residual Copy Number Variation
topic Machine Learning
Genomics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22963