Decay estimates for discrete bi-Laplace operators with potentials on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}$

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Hauptverfasser: Huang, Sisi, Yao, Xiaohua
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Huang, Sisi
Yao, Xiaohua
author_facet Huang, Sisi
Yao, Xiaohua
contents It is known that the discrete Laplace operator $Δ$ on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}$ satisfies the following sharp time decay estimate: $$\big\|e^{itΔ}\big\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}\lesssim|t|^{-\frac{1}{3}},\quad t\neq0,$$ which is slower than the usual $ O(|t|^{-\frac{1}{2}})$ decay in the continuous case on $\mathbb{R}$. However, this paper shows that the discrete bi-Laplacian $Δ^2$ on $\mathbb{Z}$ actually exhibits the same sharp decay estimate $|t|^{-\frac{1}{4}}$ as its continuous counterpart. In view of the free decay estimate, we further investigate the discrete bi-Schrödinger operators of the form $H=Δ^2+V$ on the lattice space $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})$, where $V$ is a class of real-valued decaying potentials on $\mathbb{Z}$. First, we establish the limiting absorption principle for $H$, and then derive the full asymptotic expansions of the resolvent of $H$ near the thresholds $0$ and $16$, including resonance cases. In particular, we provide a complete characterizations of the different resonance types in $\ell^2$-weighted spaces. Based on these results above, we establish the following sharp $\ell^1-\ell^{\infty}$ decay estimates for all different resonances types of $H$ under suitable decay conditions on $V$: $$\big\|e^{-itH}P_{ac}(H)\big\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}\lesssim|t|^{-\frac{1}{4}},\quad t\neq0,$$ where $P_{ac}(H)$ denotes the spectral projection onto the absolutely continuous spectrum space of $H$. Additionally, the decay estimates for the evolution flow of discrete beam equation are also derived: $$\|{\cos}(t\sqrt H)P_{ac}(H)\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}+\Big\|\frac{{\sin}(t\sqrt H)}{t\sqrt H}P_{ac}(H)\Big\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}\lesssim|t|^{-\frac{1}{3}},\quad t\neq0.$$
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_23119
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Decay estimates for discrete bi-Laplace operators with potentials on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}$
Huang, Sisi
Yao, Xiaohua
Analysis of PDEs
It is known that the discrete Laplace operator $Δ$ on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}$ satisfies the following sharp time decay estimate: $$\big\|e^{itΔ}\big\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}\lesssim|t|^{-\frac{1}{3}},\quad t\neq0,$$ which is slower than the usual $ O(|t|^{-\frac{1}{2}})$ decay in the continuous case on $\mathbb{R}$. However, this paper shows that the discrete bi-Laplacian $Δ^2$ on $\mathbb{Z}$ actually exhibits the same sharp decay estimate $|t|^{-\frac{1}{4}}$ as its continuous counterpart. In view of the free decay estimate, we further investigate the discrete bi-Schrödinger operators of the form $H=Δ^2+V$ on the lattice space $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})$, where $V$ is a class of real-valued decaying potentials on $\mathbb{Z}$. First, we establish the limiting absorption principle for $H$, and then derive the full asymptotic expansions of the resolvent of $H$ near the thresholds $0$ and $16$, including resonance cases. In particular, we provide a complete characterizations of the different resonance types in $\ell^2$-weighted spaces. Based on these results above, we establish the following sharp $\ell^1-\ell^{\infty}$ decay estimates for all different resonances types of $H$ under suitable decay conditions on $V$: $$\big\|e^{-itH}P_{ac}(H)\big\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}\lesssim|t|^{-\frac{1}{4}},\quad t\neq0,$$ where $P_{ac}(H)$ denotes the spectral projection onto the absolutely continuous spectrum space of $H$. Additionally, the decay estimates for the evolution flow of discrete beam equation are also derived: $$\|{\cos}(t\sqrt H)P_{ac}(H)\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}+\Big\|\frac{{\sin}(t\sqrt H)}{t\sqrt H}P_{ac}(H)\Big\|_{\ell^1\rightarrow\ell^{\infty}}\lesssim|t|^{-\frac{1}{3}},\quad t\neq0.$$
title Decay estimates for discrete bi-Laplace operators with potentials on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}$
topic Analysis of PDEs
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23119