Multi-Branch DNN and CRLB-Ratio-Weight Fusion for Enhanced DOA Sensing via a Massive H$^2$AD MIMO Receiver

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Shu, Feng, Bai, Jiatong, Wu, Di, Zhu, Wei, Deng, Bin, Zhou, Fuhui, Wang, Jiangzhou
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Shu, Feng
Bai, Jiatong
Wu, Di
Zhu, Wei
Deng, Bin
Zhou, Fuhui
Wang, Jiangzhou
author_facet Shu, Feng
Bai, Jiatong
Wu, Di
Zhu, Wei
Deng, Bin
Zhou, Fuhui
Wang, Jiangzhou
contents As a green MIMO structure, massive H$^2$AD is viewed as a potential technology for the future 6G wireless network. For such a structure, it is a challenging task to design a low-complexity and high-performance fusion of target direction values sensed by different sub-array groups with fewer use of prior knowledge. To address this issue, a lightweight Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB)-ratio-weight fusion (WF) method is proposed, which approximates inverse CRLB of each subarray using antenna number reciprocals to eliminate real-time CRLB computation. This reduces complexity and prior knowledge dependence while preserving fusion performance. Moreover, a multi-branch deep neural network (MBDNN) is constructed to further enhance direction-of-arrival (DOA) sensing by leveraging candidate angles from multiple subarrays. The subarray-specific branch networks are integrated with a shared regression module to effectively eliminate pseudo-solutions and fuse true angles. Simulation results show that the proposed CRLB-ratio-WF method achieves DOA sensing performance comparable to CRLB-based methods, while significantly reducing the reliance on prior knowledge. More notably, the proposed MBDNN has superior performance in low-SNR ranges. At SNR $= -15$ dB, it achieves an order-of-magnitude improvement in estimation accuracy compared to CRLB-ratio-WF method.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_23203
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-Branch DNN and CRLB-Ratio-Weight Fusion for Enhanced DOA Sensing via a Massive H$^2$AD MIMO Receiver
Shu, Feng
Bai, Jiatong
Wu, Di
Zhu, Wei
Deng, Bin
Zhou, Fuhui
Wang, Jiangzhou
Signal Processing
Artificial Intelligence
As a green MIMO structure, massive H$^2$AD is viewed as a potential technology for the future 6G wireless network. For such a structure, it is a challenging task to design a low-complexity and high-performance fusion of target direction values sensed by different sub-array groups with fewer use of prior knowledge. To address this issue, a lightweight Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB)-ratio-weight fusion (WF) method is proposed, which approximates inverse CRLB of each subarray using antenna number reciprocals to eliminate real-time CRLB computation. This reduces complexity and prior knowledge dependence while preserving fusion performance. Moreover, a multi-branch deep neural network (MBDNN) is constructed to further enhance direction-of-arrival (DOA) sensing by leveraging candidate angles from multiple subarrays. The subarray-specific branch networks are integrated with a shared regression module to effectively eliminate pseudo-solutions and fuse true angles. Simulation results show that the proposed CRLB-ratio-WF method achieves DOA sensing performance comparable to CRLB-based methods, while significantly reducing the reliance on prior knowledge. More notably, the proposed MBDNN has superior performance in low-SNR ranges. At SNR $= -15$ dB, it achieves an order-of-magnitude improvement in estimation accuracy compared to CRLB-ratio-WF method.
title Multi-Branch DNN and CRLB-Ratio-Weight Fusion for Enhanced DOA Sensing via a Massive H$^2$AD MIMO Receiver
topic Signal Processing
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23203