ANN-Based Grid Impedance Estimation for Adaptive Gain Scheduling in VSG Under Dynamic Grid Conditions

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hoang, Quang-Manh, Nguyen, Van Nam, Kim, Taehyung, Hollweg, Guilherme Vieira, Su, Wencong, Bui, Van-Hai
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Hoang, Quang-Manh
Nguyen, Van Nam
Kim, Taehyung
Hollweg, Guilherme Vieira
Su, Wencong
Bui, Van-Hai
author_facet Hoang, Quang-Manh
Nguyen, Van Nam
Kim, Taehyung
Hollweg, Guilherme Vieira
Su, Wencong
Bui, Van-Hai
contents In contrast to grid-following inverters, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) perform well under weak grid conditions but may become unstable when the grid is strong. Grid strength depends on grid impedance, which unfortunately varies over time. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive gain-scheduling control scheme for VSGs. First, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) estimates the fundamental-frequency grid impedance; then these estimates are fed into an adaptive gain-scheduling function to recalculate controller parameters under varying grid conditions. The proposed method is validated in Simulink and compared with a conventional VSG employing fixed controller gains. The results demonstrate that settling times and overshoot percentages remain consistent across different grid conditions. Additionally, previously unseen grid impedance values are estimated with high accuracy and minimal time delay, making the approach well suited for real-time gain-scheduling control.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_23304
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ANN-Based Grid Impedance Estimation for Adaptive Gain Scheduling in VSG Under Dynamic Grid Conditions
Hoang, Quang-Manh
Nguyen, Van Nam
Kim, Taehyung
Hollweg, Guilherme Vieira
Su, Wencong
Bui, Van-Hai
Systems and Control
In contrast to grid-following inverters, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) perform well under weak grid conditions but may become unstable when the grid is strong. Grid strength depends on grid impedance, which unfortunately varies over time. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive gain-scheduling control scheme for VSGs. First, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) estimates the fundamental-frequency grid impedance; then these estimates are fed into an adaptive gain-scheduling function to recalculate controller parameters under varying grid conditions. The proposed method is validated in Simulink and compared with a conventional VSG employing fixed controller gains. The results demonstrate that settling times and overshoot percentages remain consistent across different grid conditions. Additionally, previously unseen grid impedance values are estimated with high accuracy and minimal time delay, making the approach well suited for real-time gain-scheduling control.
title ANN-Based Grid Impedance Estimation for Adaptive Gain Scheduling in VSG Under Dynamic Grid Conditions
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23304