The Willmore Energy Landscape of Spheres and Avoidable Singularities of the Willmore Flow

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mäder-Baumdicker, Elena, Seidel, Jona
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866909665731805184
author Mäder-Baumdicker, Elena
Seidel, Jona
author_facet Mäder-Baumdicker, Elena
Seidel, Jona
contents We study the sublevel sets of the Willmore energy on the space of smoothly immersed $ 2 $-spheres in Euclidean $ 3 $-space. We show that the subset of immersions with energy at most $ 12π$ consists of four regular homotopy classes. Moreover, we show that in certain regular homotopy classes, all singularities of the Willmore flow are avoidable, that is, the initial surface admits a regular homotopy to a round sphere whose Willmore energy does not exceed that of the initial surface. This yields a classification of initial surfaces with energy at most $ 12π$ that lead to unavoidable singularities. As a further consequence, we obtain an extension of the Li-Yau inequality at $ 12π$ for a large class of immersed spheres without triple points. To prove these results, we glue together different instances of the Willmore flow and employ an invariant for triple-point-free immersed spheres.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_23359
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Willmore Energy Landscape of Spheres and Avoidable Singularities of the Willmore Flow
Mäder-Baumdicker, Elena
Seidel, Jona
Differential Geometry
53C42, 53E40, 57R42
We study the sublevel sets of the Willmore energy on the space of smoothly immersed $ 2 $-spheres in Euclidean $ 3 $-space. We show that the subset of immersions with energy at most $ 12π$ consists of four regular homotopy classes. Moreover, we show that in certain regular homotopy classes, all singularities of the Willmore flow are avoidable, that is, the initial surface admits a regular homotopy to a round sphere whose Willmore energy does not exceed that of the initial surface. This yields a classification of initial surfaces with energy at most $ 12π$ that lead to unavoidable singularities. As a further consequence, we obtain an extension of the Li-Yau inequality at $ 12π$ for a large class of immersed spheres without triple points. To prove these results, we glue together different instances of the Willmore flow and employ an invariant for triple-point-free immersed spheres.
title The Willmore Energy Landscape of Spheres and Avoidable Singularities of the Willmore Flow
topic Differential Geometry
53C42, 53E40, 57R42
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23359