Exploring Privacy and Security as Drivers for Environmental Sustainability in Cloud-Based Office Solutions

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kayembe, Jason, Guirat, Iness Ben, Mühlberg, Jan Tobias
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Kayembe, Jason
Guirat, Iness Ben
Mühlberg, Jan Tobias
author_facet Kayembe, Jason
Guirat, Iness Ben
Mühlberg, Jan Tobias
contents In this paper, we explore the intersection of privacy, security, and environmental sustainability in cloud-based office solutions, focusing on quantifying user- and network-side energy use and associated carbon emissions. We hypothesise that privacy-focused services are typically more energy-efficient than those funded through data collection and advertising. To evaluate this, we propose a framework that systematically measures environmental costs based on energy usage and network data traffic during well-defined, automated usage scenarios. To test our hypothesis, we first analyse how underlying architectures and business models, such as monetisation through personalised advertising, contribute to the environmental footprint of these services. We then explore existing methodologies and tools for software environmental impact assessment. We apply our framework to three mainstream email services selected to reflect different privacy policies, from ad-supported tracking-intensive models to privacy-focused designs: Microsoft Outlook, Google Mail (Gmail), and Proton Mail. We extend this comparison to a self-hosted email solution, evaluated with and without end-to-end encryption. We show that the self-hosted solution, even with 14% of device energy and 15% of emissions overheads from PGP encryption, remains the most energy-efficient, saving up to 33% of emissions per session compared to Gmail. Among commercial providers, Proton Mail is the most efficient, saving up to 0.1 gCO2 e per session compared to Outlook, whose emissions can be further reduced by 2% through ad-blocking.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_23866
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exploring Privacy and Security as Drivers for Environmental Sustainability in Cloud-Based Office Solutions
Kayembe, Jason
Guirat, Iness Ben
Mühlberg, Jan Tobias
Cryptography and Security
Computers and Society
Software Engineering
In this paper, we explore the intersection of privacy, security, and environmental sustainability in cloud-based office solutions, focusing on quantifying user- and network-side energy use and associated carbon emissions. We hypothesise that privacy-focused services are typically more energy-efficient than those funded through data collection and advertising. To evaluate this, we propose a framework that systematically measures environmental costs based on energy usage and network data traffic during well-defined, automated usage scenarios. To test our hypothesis, we first analyse how underlying architectures and business models, such as monetisation through personalised advertising, contribute to the environmental footprint of these services. We then explore existing methodologies and tools for software environmental impact assessment. We apply our framework to three mainstream email services selected to reflect different privacy policies, from ad-supported tracking-intensive models to privacy-focused designs: Microsoft Outlook, Google Mail (Gmail), and Proton Mail. We extend this comparison to a self-hosted email solution, evaluated with and without end-to-end encryption. We show that the self-hosted solution, even with 14% of device energy and 15% of emissions overheads from PGP encryption, remains the most energy-efficient, saving up to 33% of emissions per session compared to Gmail. Among commercial providers, Proton Mail is the most efficient, saving up to 0.1 gCO2 e per session compared to Outlook, whose emissions can be further reduced by 2% through ad-blocking.
title Exploring Privacy and Security as Drivers for Environmental Sustainability in Cloud-Based Office Solutions
topic Cryptography and Security
Computers and Society
Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23866