VSF-Med:A Vulnerability Scoring Framework for Medical Vision-Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Sadanandan, Binesh, Behzadan, Vahid
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Sadanandan, Binesh
Behzadan, Vahid
author_facet Sadanandan, Binesh
Behzadan, Vahid
contents Vision Language Models (VLMs) hold great promise for streamlining labour-intensive medical imaging workflows, yet systematic security evaluations in clinical settings remain scarce. We introduce VSF--Med, an end-to-end vulnerability-scoring framework for medical VLMs that unites three novel components: (i) a rich library of sophisticated text-prompt attack templates targeting emerging threat vectors; (ii) imperceptible visual perturbations calibrated by structural similarity (SSIM) thresholds to preserve clinical realism; and (iii) an eight-dimensional rubric evaluated by two independent judge LLMs, whose raw scores are consolidated via z-score normalization to yield a 0--32 composite risk metric. Built entirely on publicly available datasets and accompanied by open-source code, VSF--Med synthesizes over 30,000 adversarial variants from 5,000 radiology images and enables reproducible benchmarking of any medical VLM with a single command. Our consolidated analysis reports mean z-score shifts of $0.90σ$ for persistence-of-attack-effects, $0.74σ$ for prompt-injection effectiveness, and $0.63σ$ for safety-bypass success across state-of-the-art VLMs. Notably, Llama-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct exhibits a peak vulnerability increase of $1.29σ$ for persistence-of-attack-effects, while GPT-4o shows increases of $0.69σ$ for that same vector and $0.28σ$ for prompt-injection attacks.
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle VSF-Med:A Vulnerability Scoring Framework for Medical Vision-Language Models
Sadanandan, Binesh
Behzadan, Vahid
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Vision Language Models (VLMs) hold great promise for streamlining labour-intensive medical imaging workflows, yet systematic security evaluations in clinical settings remain scarce. We introduce VSF--Med, an end-to-end vulnerability-scoring framework for medical VLMs that unites three novel components: (i) a rich library of sophisticated text-prompt attack templates targeting emerging threat vectors; (ii) imperceptible visual perturbations calibrated by structural similarity (SSIM) thresholds to preserve clinical realism; and (iii) an eight-dimensional rubric evaluated by two independent judge LLMs, whose raw scores are consolidated via z-score normalization to yield a 0--32 composite risk metric. Built entirely on publicly available datasets and accompanied by open-source code, VSF--Med synthesizes over 30,000 adversarial variants from 5,000 radiology images and enables reproducible benchmarking of any medical VLM with a single command. Our consolidated analysis reports mean z-score shifts of $0.90σ$ for persistence-of-attack-effects, $0.74σ$ for prompt-injection effectiveness, and $0.63σ$ for safety-bypass success across state-of-the-art VLMs. Notably, Llama-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct exhibits a peak vulnerability increase of $1.29σ$ for persistence-of-attack-effects, while GPT-4o shows increases of $0.69σ$ for that same vector and $0.28σ$ for prompt-injection attacks.
title VSF-Med:A Vulnerability Scoring Framework for Medical Vision-Language Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00052