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Main Authors: Hou, Jie, Wu, Chuxiong, Luo, Lannan, Zeng, Qiang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00258
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author Hou, Jie
Wu, Chuxiong
Luo, Lannan
Zeng, Qiang
author_facet Hou, Jie
Wu, Chuxiong
Luo, Lannan
Zeng, Qiang
contents As the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the "pre-train and fine-tune" paradigm has become increasingly mainstream, leading to the development of various fine-tuning methods. However, the privacy risks arising from memorization during fine-tuning have received relatively little attention. To address this gap, we categorize popular fine-tuning approaches and assess their impact on memorization through the lens of membership inference attacks (MIAs). Our results show that, compared to parameter-based fine-tuning, prompt-based fine-tuning achieves competitive performance while exhibiting lower vulnerability to MIAs. Furthermore, prompt-based methods maintain low memorization regardless of model scale. These findings suggest that parameter-based fine-tuning is more prone to leaking private information, whereas prompt-based fine-tuning serves as a more privacy-preserving option.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_00258
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Impact of Fine-Tuning Methods on Memorization in Large Language Models
Hou, Jie
Wu, Chuxiong
Luo, Lannan
Zeng, Qiang
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
As the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the "pre-train and fine-tune" paradigm has become increasingly mainstream, leading to the development of various fine-tuning methods. However, the privacy risks arising from memorization during fine-tuning have received relatively little attention. To address this gap, we categorize popular fine-tuning approaches and assess their impact on memorization through the lens of membership inference attacks (MIAs). Our results show that, compared to parameter-based fine-tuning, prompt-based fine-tuning achieves competitive performance while exhibiting lower vulnerability to MIAs. Furthermore, prompt-based methods maintain low memorization regardless of model scale. These findings suggest that parameter-based fine-tuning is more prone to leaking private information, whereas prompt-based fine-tuning serves as a more privacy-preserving option.
title Impact of Fine-Tuning Methods on Memorization in Large Language Models
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00258