FAST search for circumstellar atomic hydrogen. III. Planetary nebulae at Galactic latitudes |b|>10degree
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909668449714176 |
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| author | Ouyang, Xu-Jia Zhang, Yong Zijlstra, Albert Zhang, Chuan-Peng Nakashima, Jun-ichi Parker, Quentin A Li, Xiao-Hu |
| author_facet | Ouyang, Xu-Jia Zhang, Yong Zijlstra, Albert Zhang, Chuan-Peng Nakashima, Jun-ichi Parker, Quentin A Li, Xiao-Hu |
| contents | The detection of circumstellar atomic hydrogen (\ion{H}{1}) via the 21\,cm line remains a persistent challenge in planetary nebula (PN) studies, primarily due to contamination from ubiquitous interstellar \ion{H}{1} 21\,cm emission. In this paper, we report the results of a \ion{H}{1} survey of 12 high surface brightness PNe located at Galactic latitudes $|b|\geq10\arcdeg$, performed with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), which is currently the most sensitive telescope in the $L$ band. Although the contamination from interstellar emission is still severe, we detect or tentatively detect circumstellar \ion{H}{1} 21\,cm absorption associated with two PNe: NGC\,6905 and NGC\,7662. \ion{H}{1} exhibits a comparatively high detection frequency in bipolar PNe. We estimate the \ion{H}{1} masses of the two PNe to range from 0.01 to 0.14 $M_{\sun}$, resulting in atomic-to-ionized hydrogen ratios of 0.02--0.3. The \ion{H}{1} shells have dynamical ages of 2100--2400 years. Our measurements confirm previous findings that the optical depth of \ion{H}{1} decreases with increasing linear radius of the nebula. The mass loss rates traced by the \ion{H}{1} absorption are larger than 10$^{-5}$\,M$_\sun$ yr$^{-1}$, indicating that they originate from the superwind phase at the tip of the asymptotic giant branch. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_00414 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | FAST search for circumstellar atomic hydrogen. III. Planetary nebulae at Galactic latitudes |b|>10degree Ouyang, Xu-Jia Zhang, Yong Zijlstra, Albert Zhang, Chuan-Peng Nakashima, Jun-ichi Parker, Quentin A Li, Xiao-Hu Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics The detection of circumstellar atomic hydrogen (\ion{H}{1}) via the 21\,cm line remains a persistent challenge in planetary nebula (PN) studies, primarily due to contamination from ubiquitous interstellar \ion{H}{1} 21\,cm emission. In this paper, we report the results of a \ion{H}{1} survey of 12 high surface brightness PNe located at Galactic latitudes $|b|\geq10\arcdeg$, performed with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), which is currently the most sensitive telescope in the $L$ band. Although the contamination from interstellar emission is still severe, we detect or tentatively detect circumstellar \ion{H}{1} 21\,cm absorption associated with two PNe: NGC\,6905 and NGC\,7662. \ion{H}{1} exhibits a comparatively high detection frequency in bipolar PNe. We estimate the \ion{H}{1} masses of the two PNe to range from 0.01 to 0.14 $M_{\sun}$, resulting in atomic-to-ionized hydrogen ratios of 0.02--0.3. The \ion{H}{1} shells have dynamical ages of 2100--2400 years. Our measurements confirm previous findings that the optical depth of \ion{H}{1} decreases with increasing linear radius of the nebula. The mass loss rates traced by the \ion{H}{1} absorption are larger than 10$^{-5}$\,M$_\sun$ yr$^{-1}$, indicating that they originate from the superwind phase at the tip of the asymptotic giant branch. |
| title | FAST search for circumstellar atomic hydrogen. III. Planetary nebulae at Galactic latitudes |b|>10degree |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00414 |