Faber polynomials in a deltoid region and power iteration momentum methods

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Cowal, Peter, Marshall, Nicholas F., Pollock, Sara
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Cowal, Peter
Marshall, Nicholas F.
Pollock, Sara
author_facet Cowal, Peter
Marshall, Nicholas F.
Pollock, Sara
contents We consider a region in the complex plane enclosed by a deltoid curve inscribed in the unit circle, and define a family of polynomials $P_n$ that satisfy the same recurrence relation as the Faber polynomials for this region. We use this family of polynomials to give a constructive proof that $z^n$ is approximately a polynomial of degree $\sim\sqrt{n}$ within the deltoid region. Moreover, we show that $|P_n| \le 1$ in this deltoid region, and that, if $|z| = 1+\varepsilon$, then the magnitude $|P_n(z)|$ is at least $\frac{1}{3}(1+\sqrt{\varepsilon})^n$, for all $\varepsilon > 0$. We illustrate our polynomial approximation theory with an application to iterative linear algebra. In particular, we construct a higher-order momentum-based method that accelerates the power iteration for certain matrices with complex eigenvalues. We show how the method can be run dynamically when the two dominant eigenvalues are real and positive.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_01885
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Faber polynomials in a deltoid region and power iteration momentum methods
Cowal, Peter
Marshall, Nicholas F.
Pollock, Sara
Numerical Analysis
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Probability
We consider a region in the complex plane enclosed by a deltoid curve inscribed in the unit circle, and define a family of polynomials $P_n$ that satisfy the same recurrence relation as the Faber polynomials for this region. We use this family of polynomials to give a constructive proof that $z^n$ is approximately a polynomial of degree $\sim\sqrt{n}$ within the deltoid region. Moreover, we show that $|P_n| \le 1$ in this deltoid region, and that, if $|z| = 1+\varepsilon$, then the magnitude $|P_n(z)|$ is at least $\frac{1}{3}(1+\sqrt{\varepsilon})^n$, for all $\varepsilon > 0$. We illustrate our polynomial approximation theory with an application to iterative linear algebra. In particular, we construct a higher-order momentum-based method that accelerates the power iteration for certain matrices with complex eigenvalues. We show how the method can be run dynamically when the two dominant eigenvalues are real and positive.
title Faber polynomials in a deltoid region and power iteration momentum methods
topic Numerical Analysis
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01885