NaturalThoughts: Selecting and Distilling Reasoning Traces for General Reasoning Tasks

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Yang, Emad, Youssef, Padthe, Karthik, Lanchantin, Jack, Yuan, Weizhe, Nguyen, Thao, Weston, Jason, Li, Shang-Wen, Wang, Dong, Kulikov, Ilia, Li, Xian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Yang
Emad, Youssef
Padthe, Karthik
Lanchantin, Jack
Yuan, Weizhe
Nguyen, Thao
Weston, Jason
Li, Shang-Wen
Wang, Dong
Kulikov, Ilia
Li, Xian
author_facet Li, Yang
Emad, Youssef
Padthe, Karthik
Lanchantin, Jack
Yuan, Weizhe
Nguyen, Thao
Weston, Jason
Li, Shang-Wen
Wang, Dong
Kulikov, Ilia
Li, Xian
contents Recent work has shown that distilling reasoning traces from a larger teacher model via supervised finetuning outperforms reinforcement learning with the smaller student model alone (Guo et al. 2025). However, there has not been a systematic study of what kind of reasoning demonstrations from the teacher are most effective in improving the student model's reasoning capabilities. In this work we curate high-quality "NaturalThoughts" by selecting reasoning traces from a strong teacher model based on a large pool of questions from NaturalReasoning (Yuan et al. 2025). We first conduct a systematic analysis of factors that affect distilling reasoning capabilities, in terms of sample efficiency and scalability for general reasoning tasks. We observe that simply scaling up data size with random sampling is a strong baseline with steady performance gains. Further, we find that selecting difficult examples that require more diverse reasoning strategies is more sample-efficient to transfer the teacher model's reasoning skills. Evaluated on both Llama and Qwen models, training with NaturalThoughts outperforms existing reasoning datasets such as OpenThoughts, LIMO, etc. on general STEM reasoning benchmarks including GPQA-Diamond, MMLU-Pro and SuperGPQA.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_01921
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle NaturalThoughts: Selecting and Distilling Reasoning Traces for General Reasoning Tasks
Li, Yang
Emad, Youssef
Padthe, Karthik
Lanchantin, Jack
Yuan, Weizhe
Nguyen, Thao
Weston, Jason
Li, Shang-Wen
Wang, Dong
Kulikov, Ilia
Li, Xian
Computation and Language
Recent work has shown that distilling reasoning traces from a larger teacher model via supervised finetuning outperforms reinforcement learning with the smaller student model alone (Guo et al. 2025). However, there has not been a systematic study of what kind of reasoning demonstrations from the teacher are most effective in improving the student model's reasoning capabilities. In this work we curate high-quality "NaturalThoughts" by selecting reasoning traces from a strong teacher model based on a large pool of questions from NaturalReasoning (Yuan et al. 2025). We first conduct a systematic analysis of factors that affect distilling reasoning capabilities, in terms of sample efficiency and scalability for general reasoning tasks. We observe that simply scaling up data size with random sampling is a strong baseline with steady performance gains. Further, we find that selecting difficult examples that require more diverse reasoning strategies is more sample-efficient to transfer the teacher model's reasoning skills. Evaluated on both Llama and Qwen models, training with NaturalThoughts outperforms existing reasoning datasets such as OpenThoughts, LIMO, etc. on general STEM reasoning benchmarks including GPQA-Diamond, MMLU-Pro and SuperGPQA.
title NaturalThoughts: Selecting and Distilling Reasoning Traces for General Reasoning Tasks
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01921