Ring formation from black hole superradiance through repeated particle production on bound orbits
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866909918675599360 |
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| author | Lyu, Zhen-Hong Cai, Rong-Gen Guo, Zong-Kuan He, Jian-Feng Liu, Jing |
| author_facet | Lyu, Zhen-Hong Cai, Rong-Gen Guo, Zong-Kuan He, Jian-Feng Liu, Jing |
| contents | Ultralight bosonic fields around a rotating black hole can extract energy and angular momentum through the superradiant instability and form a dense cloud. We investigate the scenario involving two scalar fields, $ϕ$ and $χ$, with a coupling term $\frac{1}{2}λϕχ^2$, which is motivated by the multiple-axion framework. The ultralight scalar $ϕ$ forms a cloud that efficiently produces $χ$ particles nonperturbatively via parametric resonance, with a large mass hierarchy, $μ_χ\gg μ_ϕ$. Rather than escaping the system as investigated by previous studies, these $χ$ particles remain bound, orbiting the black hole. Moreover, the particle production occurs primarily at the peak of the cloud's profile, allowing $χ$ particles in quasicircular orbits to pass repeatedly through resonant regions, leading to cumulative amplification. This selective process naturally forms a dense ring of $χ$ particles, with a mass ratio to the cloud fixed by $(μ_ϕ/μ_χ)^2$. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism for generating bound-state particles via parametric resonance, which also impacts the evolution of the cloud. This process can be probed through its imprint on binary dynamics and its gravitational-wave signatures. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_03490 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Ring formation from black hole superradiance through repeated particle production on bound orbits Lyu, Zhen-Hong Cai, Rong-Gen Guo, Zong-Kuan He, Jian-Feng Liu, Jing General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Ultralight bosonic fields around a rotating black hole can extract energy and angular momentum through the superradiant instability and form a dense cloud. We investigate the scenario involving two scalar fields, $ϕ$ and $χ$, with a coupling term $\frac{1}{2}λϕχ^2$, which is motivated by the multiple-axion framework. The ultralight scalar $ϕ$ forms a cloud that efficiently produces $χ$ particles nonperturbatively via parametric resonance, with a large mass hierarchy, $μ_χ\gg μ_ϕ$. Rather than escaping the system as investigated by previous studies, these $χ$ particles remain bound, orbiting the black hole. Moreover, the particle production occurs primarily at the peak of the cloud's profile, allowing $χ$ particles in quasicircular orbits to pass repeatedly through resonant regions, leading to cumulative amplification. This selective process naturally forms a dense ring of $χ$ particles, with a mass ratio to the cloud fixed by $(μ_ϕ/μ_χ)^2$. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism for generating bound-state particles via parametric resonance, which also impacts the evolution of the cloud. This process can be probed through its imprint on binary dynamics and its gravitational-wave signatures. |
| title | Ring formation from black hole superradiance through repeated particle production on bound orbits |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03490 |