Temporally-long C-band heralded single photons generated from hot atoms

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Tu, Pei-Yu, Hsu, Chia-Yu, Huang, Wei-Kai, Lin, Tse-Yu, Chuu, Chih-Sung, Yu, Ite A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Tu, Pei-Yu
Hsu, Chia-Yu
Huang, Wei-Kai
Lin, Tse-Yu
Chuu, Chih-Sung
Yu, Ite A.
author_facet Tu, Pei-Yu
Hsu, Chia-Yu
Huang, Wei-Kai
Lin, Tse-Yu
Chuu, Chih-Sung
Yu, Ite A.
contents C-band photons are recognized for having the lowest loss coefficient in optical fibers, making them highly favorable for optical fiber-based communication. In this study, we systematically investigated the temporal width of C-band heralded single photons and developed a theoretical model for biphoton generation via the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process using a diamond-type transition scheme, which has not been previously reported. Our experimental data on temporal width closely aligns with the predictions of this model. Additionally, we introduced a new concept: the atomic velocity group relating to the two-photon resonance condition and the one-photon detuning in this atomic frame. These two parameters are crucial for understanding the behavior of the biphoton source. The concept indicates that the hot-atom source behaves similarly to the cold-atom source. Guided by our theoretical model, we observed 1529-nm (C-band) heralded single photons with a temporal width of 28.3$\pm$0.6 ns, corresponding to a linewidth of 11.0$\pm$0.2 MHz. For comparison, the ultimate linewidth limit is 6.1 MHz, determined by the natural linewidth of the atoms. Among all atom-based sources of 1300 to 1550 nm heralded single photons utilizing either cold or hot atoms, the temporal width achieved in this work represents the first instance of a width exceeding 10 ns, making it (or its linewidth) the longest (or narrowest) record to date. This work significantly enhances our understanding of diamond-type or cascade-type SFWM biphoton generation and marks an important milestone in achieving greater temporal width in atom-based sources of C-band heralded single photons.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_03935
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Temporally-long C-band heralded single photons generated from hot atoms
Tu, Pei-Yu
Hsu, Chia-Yu
Huang, Wei-Kai
Lin, Tse-Yu
Chuu, Chih-Sung
Yu, Ite A.
Quantum Physics
Atomic Physics
C-band photons are recognized for having the lowest loss coefficient in optical fibers, making them highly favorable for optical fiber-based communication. In this study, we systematically investigated the temporal width of C-band heralded single photons and developed a theoretical model for biphoton generation via the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process using a diamond-type transition scheme, which has not been previously reported. Our experimental data on temporal width closely aligns with the predictions of this model. Additionally, we introduced a new concept: the atomic velocity group relating to the two-photon resonance condition and the one-photon detuning in this atomic frame. These two parameters are crucial for understanding the behavior of the biphoton source. The concept indicates that the hot-atom source behaves similarly to the cold-atom source. Guided by our theoretical model, we observed 1529-nm (C-band) heralded single photons with a temporal width of 28.3$\pm$0.6 ns, corresponding to a linewidth of 11.0$\pm$0.2 MHz. For comparison, the ultimate linewidth limit is 6.1 MHz, determined by the natural linewidth of the atoms. Among all atom-based sources of 1300 to 1550 nm heralded single photons utilizing either cold or hot atoms, the temporal width achieved in this work represents the first instance of a width exceeding 10 ns, making it (or its linewidth) the longest (or narrowest) record to date. This work significantly enhances our understanding of diamond-type or cascade-type SFWM biphoton generation and marks an important milestone in achieving greater temporal width in atom-based sources of C-band heralded single photons.
title Temporally-long C-band heralded single photons generated from hot atoms
topic Quantum Physics
Atomic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03935