Non-convergence of the principal eigenvalue of elliptic operators for large advection

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Hauptverfasser: Bai, Xueli, Wang, Zhi-An, Xu, Xin, Zhang, Kexin, Zhou, Maolin
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Bai, Xueli
Wang, Zhi-An
Xu, Xin
Zhang, Kexin
Zhou, Maolin
author_facet Bai, Xueli
Wang, Zhi-An
Xu, Xin
Zhang, Kexin
Zhou, Maolin
contents This paper investigates the limit of the principal eigenvalue $λ(s)$ as $s\to+\infty$ for the following elliptic equation \begin{align*} -Δφ(x)-2s\mathbf{v}\cdot\nablaφ(x)+c(x)φ(x)=λ(s)φ(x), \quad x\in Ω \end{align*} in a bounded domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^d (d\geq 1)$ with the Neumann boundary condition. Previous studies have shown that under certain conditions on $\mathbf{v}$, $λ(s)$ converges as $s\to\infty$ (including cases where $\lim\limits_{s \to\infty }λ(s)=\pm\infty$). This work constructs an example such that $λ(s)$ is divergent as $s\to+\infty$. This seems to be the first rigorous result demonstrating the non-convergence of the principal eigenvalue for second-order linear elliptic operators with some strong advection. As an application, we demonstrate that for the classical advection-reaction-diffusion model with advective velocity field $\mathbf{v}=\nabla m$, where $m$ is a potential function with infinite oscillations, the principal eigenvalue changes sign infinitely often along a subsequence of $s\to\infty$. This leads to solution behaviors that differ significantly from those observed when $m$ is non-oscillatory.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_04418
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Non-convergence of the principal eigenvalue of elliptic operators for large advection
Bai, Xueli
Wang, Zhi-An
Xu, Xin
Zhang, Kexin
Zhou, Maolin
Analysis of PDEs
35P15, 35P20, 34C25
This paper investigates the limit of the principal eigenvalue $λ(s)$ as $s\to+\infty$ for the following elliptic equation \begin{align*} -Δφ(x)-2s\mathbf{v}\cdot\nablaφ(x)+c(x)φ(x)=λ(s)φ(x), \quad x\in Ω \end{align*} in a bounded domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^d (d\geq 1)$ with the Neumann boundary condition. Previous studies have shown that under certain conditions on $\mathbf{v}$, $λ(s)$ converges as $s\to\infty$ (including cases where $\lim\limits_{s \to\infty }λ(s)=\pm\infty$). This work constructs an example such that $λ(s)$ is divergent as $s\to+\infty$. This seems to be the first rigorous result demonstrating the non-convergence of the principal eigenvalue for second-order linear elliptic operators with some strong advection. As an application, we demonstrate that for the classical advection-reaction-diffusion model with advective velocity field $\mathbf{v}=\nabla m$, where $m$ is a potential function with infinite oscillations, the principal eigenvalue changes sign infinitely often along a subsequence of $s\to\infty$. This leads to solution behaviors that differ significantly from those observed when $m$ is non-oscillatory.
title Non-convergence of the principal eigenvalue of elliptic operators for large advection
topic Analysis of PDEs
35P15, 35P20, 34C25
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04418