Counting linear congruence systems with a fixed number of solutions

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Nilsson, Marcus
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Nilsson, Marcus
author_facet Nilsson, Marcus
contents For a prime $p$ and a positive integer $s$ consider a homogeneous linear system over the ring $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$ (the ring of integers modulo $p^s$) described by an $n \times m$-matrix. The possible number of solutions to such a system is $p^j$, where $j=0,1,\ldots, sm$. We study the problem of how many $n \times m$-matrices over $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$ there are given that we have exactly $p^j$ homogeneous solutions. For the case $s=1$ (when $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$ is a field) George von Landsberg proved a general formula in 1893. However, there seems to be few published general results for the case $s>1$ except when we have a unique solution ($j=0$). In this article we present recursive methods for counting such matrices and present explicit formulas for the case when $j\le s$ and $n\ge m$. We will use a generalization of Euler's $ϕ$-function and Gaussian binomial coefficients to express our formulas. As an application we compute the probability that gcd$(\det(A),p^s)$ gives the number of solutions to the quadratic system $Ax=0$ in $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_04688
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Counting linear congruence systems with a fixed number of solutions
Nilsson, Marcus
Number Theory
Combinatorics
For a prime $p$ and a positive integer $s$ consider a homogeneous linear system over the ring $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$ (the ring of integers modulo $p^s$) described by an $n \times m$-matrix. The possible number of solutions to such a system is $p^j$, where $j=0,1,\ldots, sm$. We study the problem of how many $n \times m$-matrices over $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$ there are given that we have exactly $p^j$ homogeneous solutions. For the case $s=1$ (when $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$ is a field) George von Landsberg proved a general formula in 1893. However, there seems to be few published general results for the case $s>1$ except when we have a unique solution ($j=0$). In this article we present recursive methods for counting such matrices and present explicit formulas for the case when $j\le s$ and $n\ge m$. We will use a generalization of Euler's $ϕ$-function and Gaussian binomial coefficients to express our formulas. As an application we compute the probability that gcd$(\det(A),p^s)$ gives the number of solutions to the quadratic system $Ax=0$ in $\mathbb{Z}_{p^s}$.
title Counting linear congruence systems with a fixed number of solutions
topic Number Theory
Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04688