CHIME/FRB Discovery of an Unusual Circularly Polarized Long-Period Radio Transient with an Accelerating Spin Period
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Dong, Fengqiu Adam Shin, Kaitlyn Law, Casey Ng, Mason Stairs, Ingrid Bower, Geoffrey Cassity, Alyssa Fonseca, Emmanuel Gaensler, B. M. Hessels, Jason W. T. Kaspi, Victoria M. Kharel, Bikash Leung, Calvin Main, Robert A. Masui, Kiyoshi W. McKee, James W. Meyers, Bradley W. Modilim, Obinna Pandhi, Ayush Pearlman, Aaron B Ransom, Scott M. Scholz, Paul Smith, Kendrick |
| author_facet | Dong, Fengqiu Adam Shin, Kaitlyn Law, Casey Ng, Mason Stairs, Ingrid Bower, Geoffrey Cassity, Alyssa Fonseca, Emmanuel Gaensler, B. M. Hessels, Jason W. T. Kaspi, Victoria M. Kharel, Bikash Leung, Calvin Main, Robert A. Masui, Kiyoshi W. McKee, James W. Meyers, Bradley W. Modilim, Obinna Pandhi, Ayush Pearlman, Aaron B Ransom, Scott M. Scholz, Paul Smith, Kendrick |
| contents | We report the discovery of CHIME J1634+44, a Long Period Radio Transient (LPT) unique for two aspects: it is the first known LPT to emit fully circularly polarized radio bursts, and it is the first LPT with a significant spin-up. Given that high circular polarization ($>90$\%) has been observed in FRB~20201124A and in some giant pulses of PSR~B1937+21, we discuss the implications of the high circular polarization of CHIME J1634+44 and conclude its emission mechanism is likely to be ``pulsar-like''. While CHIME J1634+44 has a pulse period of 841 s, its burst arrival patterns are indicative of a secondary 4206 s period, probably associated with binary activity. The timing properties suggest it has a significantly negative period derivative of $\dot{P}=-9.03(0.11)\times 10^{-12}$ s s$^{-1}$. Few systems have been known to spin-up, most notably transitional millisecond pulsars and cataclysmic binaries, both of which seem unlikely progenitors for CHIME J1634+44. If the period was only associated with the spin of the object, then the spin up is likely generated by accretion of material from a companion. If, however, the radio pulse period and the orbital period are locked, as appears to be the case for two other LPTs, the spin up of CHIME J1634+44 could be driven by gravitational wave radiation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_05139 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | CHIME/FRB Discovery of an Unusual Circularly Polarized Long-Period Radio Transient with an Accelerating Spin Period Dong, Fengqiu Adam Shin, Kaitlyn Law, Casey Ng, Mason Stairs, Ingrid Bower, Geoffrey Cassity, Alyssa Fonseca, Emmanuel Gaensler, B. M. Hessels, Jason W. T. Kaspi, Victoria M. Kharel, Bikash Leung, Calvin Main, Robert A. Masui, Kiyoshi W. McKee, James W. Meyers, Bradley W. Modilim, Obinna Pandhi, Ayush Pearlman, Aaron B Ransom, Scott M. Scholz, Paul Smith, Kendrick High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We report the discovery of CHIME J1634+44, a Long Period Radio Transient (LPT) unique for two aspects: it is the first known LPT to emit fully circularly polarized radio bursts, and it is the first LPT with a significant spin-up. Given that high circular polarization ($>90$\%) has been observed in FRB~20201124A and in some giant pulses of PSR~B1937+21, we discuss the implications of the high circular polarization of CHIME J1634+44 and conclude its emission mechanism is likely to be ``pulsar-like''. While CHIME J1634+44 has a pulse period of 841 s, its burst arrival patterns are indicative of a secondary 4206 s period, probably associated with binary activity. The timing properties suggest it has a significantly negative period derivative of $\dot{P}=-9.03(0.11)\times 10^{-12}$ s s$^{-1}$. Few systems have been known to spin-up, most notably transitional millisecond pulsars and cataclysmic binaries, both of which seem unlikely progenitors for CHIME J1634+44. If the period was only associated with the spin of the object, then the spin up is likely generated by accretion of material from a companion. If, however, the radio pulse period and the orbital period are locked, as appears to be the case for two other LPTs, the spin up of CHIME J1634+44 could be driven by gravitational wave radiation. |
| title | CHIME/FRB Discovery of an Unusual Circularly Polarized Long-Period Radio Transient with an Accelerating Spin Period |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05139 |