Per-Row Activation Counting on Real Hardware: Demystifying Performance Overheads

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kim, Jumin, Baek, Seungmin, Wi, Minbok, Nam, Hwayong, Kim, Michael Jaemin, Lee, Sukhan, Sohn, Kyomin, Ahn, Jung Ho
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Kim, Jumin
Baek, Seungmin
Wi, Minbok
Nam, Hwayong
Kim, Michael Jaemin
Lee, Sukhan
Sohn, Kyomin
Ahn, Jung Ho
author_facet Kim, Jumin
Baek, Seungmin
Wi, Minbok
Nam, Hwayong
Kim, Michael Jaemin
Lee, Sukhan
Sohn, Kyomin
Ahn, Jung Ho
contents Per-Row Activation Counting (PRAC), a DRAM read disturbance mitigation method, modifies key DRAM timing parameters, reportedly causing significant performance overheads in simulator-based studies. However, given known discrepancies between simulators and real hardware, real-machine experiments are vital for accurate PRAC performance estimation. We present the first real-machine performance analysis of PRAC. After verifying timing modifications on the latest CPUs using microbenchmarks, our analysis shows that PRAC's average and maximum overheads are just 1.06% and 3.28% for the SPEC CPU2017 workloads -- up to 9.15x lower than simulator-based reports. Further, we show that the close page policy minimizes this overhead by effectively hiding the elongated DRAM row precharge operations due to PRAC from the critical path.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_05556
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Per-Row Activation Counting on Real Hardware: Demystifying Performance Overheads
Kim, Jumin
Baek, Seungmin
Wi, Minbok
Nam, Hwayong
Kim, Michael Jaemin
Lee, Sukhan
Sohn, Kyomin
Ahn, Jung Ho
Hardware Architecture
Cryptography and Security
Per-Row Activation Counting (PRAC), a DRAM read disturbance mitigation method, modifies key DRAM timing parameters, reportedly causing significant performance overheads in simulator-based studies. However, given known discrepancies between simulators and real hardware, real-machine experiments are vital for accurate PRAC performance estimation. We present the first real-machine performance analysis of PRAC. After verifying timing modifications on the latest CPUs using microbenchmarks, our analysis shows that PRAC's average and maximum overheads are just 1.06% and 3.28% for the SPEC CPU2017 workloads -- up to 9.15x lower than simulator-based reports. Further, we show that the close page policy minimizes this overhead by effectively hiding the elongated DRAM row precharge operations due to PRAC from the critical path.
title Per-Row Activation Counting on Real Hardware: Demystifying Performance Overheads
topic Hardware Architecture
Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05556