Matrices over finite fields of odd characteristic as sums of diagonalizable and square-zero matrices

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Danchev, Peter, García, Esther, Lozano, Miguel Gómez
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Danchev, Peter
García, Esther
Lozano, Miguel Gómez
author_facet Danchev, Peter
García, Esther
Lozano, Miguel Gómez
contents Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a finite field of odd characteristic. When $|\mathbb{F}|\ge 5$, we prove that every matrix $A$ admits a decomposition into $D+M$ where $D$ is diagonalizable and $M^2=0$. For $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{F}_3$, we show that such decomposition is possible for non-derogatory matrices of order at least 5, and more generally, for matrices whose first invariant factor is not a non-zero trace irreducible polynomial of degree 3; we also establish that matrices consisting of direct sums of companion matrices, all of them associated to the same irreducible polynomial of non-zero trace and degree 3 over $\mathbb{F}_3$, never admit such decomposition. These results completely settle the question posed by Breaz in Lin. Algebra & Appl. (2018) asking if it is true that for big enough positive integers $n\ge 3$ all matrices $A$ over a field of odd cardinality $q$ admit decompositions of the form $E+M$ with $E^q=D$ and $M^2=0$: the answer is {\it yes} for $q\ge 5$, but there are counterexamples for $q=3$ and each order $n=3k$, $k\ge 1$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_05762
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Matrices over finite fields of odd characteristic as sums of diagonalizable and square-zero matrices
Danchev, Peter
García, Esther
Lozano, Miguel Gómez
Rings and Algebras
15A15, 15A21, 15A83
Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a finite field of odd characteristic. When $|\mathbb{F}|\ge 5$, we prove that every matrix $A$ admits a decomposition into $D+M$ where $D$ is diagonalizable and $M^2=0$. For $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{F}_3$, we show that such decomposition is possible for non-derogatory matrices of order at least 5, and more generally, for matrices whose first invariant factor is not a non-zero trace irreducible polynomial of degree 3; we also establish that matrices consisting of direct sums of companion matrices, all of them associated to the same irreducible polynomial of non-zero trace and degree 3 over $\mathbb{F}_3$, never admit such decomposition. These results completely settle the question posed by Breaz in Lin. Algebra & Appl. (2018) asking if it is true that for big enough positive integers $n\ge 3$ all matrices $A$ over a field of odd cardinality $q$ admit decompositions of the form $E+M$ with $E^q=D$ and $M^2=0$: the answer is {\it yes} for $q\ge 5$, but there are counterexamples for $q=3$ and each order $n=3k$, $k\ge 1$.
title Matrices over finite fields of odd characteristic as sums of diagonalizable and square-zero matrices
topic Rings and Algebras
15A15, 15A21, 15A83
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05762