Chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation in the early universe
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866918191450554368 |
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| author | Ferreira, Osvaldo Fraga, Eduardo S. Hippert, Maurício Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen |
| author_facet | Ferreira, Osvaldo Fraga, Eduardo S. Hippert, Maurício Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen |
| contents | We determine the possible trajectories the universe may have followed in the QCD phase diagram during the QCD epoch. We focus on the roles of chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation under high imbalances in lepton asymmetry. Adopting the quark-meson model as an effective description of QCD at finite temperature, charge and baryon chemical potentials we show that, for sufficiently large but physically motivated asymmetries, the universe may have entered the pion condensation phase through a first-order phase transition, followed by a second-order phase transition when exiting it. Such a first-order phase transition represents a new possible source of primordial gravitational waves during the QCD epoch. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_06518 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation in the early universe Ferreira, Osvaldo Fraga, Eduardo S. Hippert, Maurício Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory We determine the possible trajectories the universe may have followed in the QCD phase diagram during the QCD epoch. We focus on the roles of chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation under high imbalances in lepton asymmetry. Adopting the quark-meson model as an effective description of QCD at finite temperature, charge and baryon chemical potentials we show that, for sufficiently large but physically motivated asymmetries, the universe may have entered the pion condensation phase through a first-order phase transition, followed by a second-order phase transition when exiting it. Such a first-order phase transition represents a new possible source of primordial gravitational waves during the QCD epoch. |
| title | Chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation in the early universe |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06518 |