SkyVLN: Vision-and-Language Navigation and NMPC Control for UAVs in Urban Environments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Tianshun, Huai, Tianyi, Li, Zhen, Gao, Yichun, Li, Haoang, Zheng, Xinhu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Tianshun
Huai, Tianyi
Li, Zhen
Gao, Yichun
Li, Haoang
Zheng, Xinhu
author_facet Li, Tianshun
Huai, Tianyi
Li, Zhen
Gao, Yichun
Li, Haoang
Zheng, Xinhu
contents Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as versatile tools across various sectors, driven by their mobility and adaptability. This paper introduces SkyVLN, a novel framework integrating vision-and-language navigation (VLN) with Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) to enhance UAV autonomy in complex urban environments. Unlike traditional navigation methods, SkyVLN leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to interpret natural language instructions and visual observations, enabling UAVs to navigate through dynamic 3D spaces with improved accuracy and robustness. We present a multimodal navigation agent equipped with a fine-grained spatial verbalizer and a history path memory mechanism. These components allow the UAV to disambiguate spatial contexts, handle ambiguous instructions, and backtrack when necessary. The framework also incorporates an NMPC module for dynamic obstacle avoidance, ensuring precise trajectory tracking and collision prevention. To validate our approach, we developed a high-fidelity 3D urban simulation environment using AirSim, featuring realistic imagery and dynamic urban elements. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SkyVLN significantly improves navigation success rates and efficiency, particularly in new and unseen environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_06564
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SkyVLN: Vision-and-Language Navigation and NMPC Control for UAVs in Urban Environments
Li, Tianshun
Huai, Tianyi
Li, Zhen
Gao, Yichun
Li, Haoang
Zheng, Xinhu
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Systems and Control
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as versatile tools across various sectors, driven by their mobility and adaptability. This paper introduces SkyVLN, a novel framework integrating vision-and-language navigation (VLN) with Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) to enhance UAV autonomy in complex urban environments. Unlike traditional navigation methods, SkyVLN leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to interpret natural language instructions and visual observations, enabling UAVs to navigate through dynamic 3D spaces with improved accuracy and robustness. We present a multimodal navigation agent equipped with a fine-grained spatial verbalizer and a history path memory mechanism. These components allow the UAV to disambiguate spatial contexts, handle ambiguous instructions, and backtrack when necessary. The framework also incorporates an NMPC module for dynamic obstacle avoidance, ensuring precise trajectory tracking and collision prevention. To validate our approach, we developed a high-fidelity 3D urban simulation environment using AirSim, featuring realistic imagery and dynamic urban elements. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SkyVLN significantly improves navigation success rates and efficiency, particularly in new and unseen environments.
title SkyVLN: Vision-and-Language Navigation and NMPC Control for UAVs in Urban Environments
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06564