Rotational coherences in O$_2^+$ following strong-field ionization

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Main Authors: Lam, Huynh Van Sa, Wangjam, Tomthin Nganba, Kumarappan, Vinod
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Lam, Huynh Van Sa
Wangjam, Tomthin Nganba
Kumarappan, Vinod
author_facet Lam, Huynh Van Sa
Wangjam, Tomthin Nganba
Kumarappan, Vinod
contents We investigate the wave packet that remains bound in the ground and excited cationic states of oxygen after strong-field ionization by an intense 800-nm pulse. Much weaker probe pulses (800 or 264 nm) are used to dissociate these still-bound cations. The momentum distribution of O$^+$ is measured as a function of pump-probe delay and Fourier-transformed to obtain kinetic-energy-dependent and rotational-state-resolved quantum beat spectra. The sub-cm$^{-1}$ resolution of the Fourier transform allows unambiguous identification of the electronic, vibrational, and rotational states populated by the pump and then dissociated by the probe. Although strong-field ionization is expected to populate the lower-lying $X^2Π_g$ and $a^4Π_u$ states more effectively than the $b^4Σ^{-}_g$ state, a wave packet in the $X^2Π_g$ state is seen only with the 264-nm probe and only weak signatures of the $a^4Π_u$ states are found with either probe. The experiment confirms the role of the resonant coupling between the $b^4Σ^{-}_g$ and $a^4Π_u$ states by the 800 nm pulses [Xue \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. A 97, 043409 (2018)] and reveals the importance of rovibrational excitation in determining the momentum distribution of the O$^+$ fragments. The strong $X^2Π_g$ state contribution observed with the 264-nm probe also shows the importance of resonant coupling in the probe pulse. The sub-cm$^{-1}$ resolution also resolves spin-orbit splitting in both the $X^2Π_g$ and $a^4Π_u$ state wave packets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_06680
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Rotational coherences in O$_2^+$ following strong-field ionization
Lam, Huynh Van Sa
Wangjam, Tomthin Nganba
Kumarappan, Vinod
Atomic Physics
Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Optics
We investigate the wave packet that remains bound in the ground and excited cationic states of oxygen after strong-field ionization by an intense 800-nm pulse. Much weaker probe pulses (800 or 264 nm) are used to dissociate these still-bound cations. The momentum distribution of O$^+$ is measured as a function of pump-probe delay and Fourier-transformed to obtain kinetic-energy-dependent and rotational-state-resolved quantum beat spectra. The sub-cm$^{-1}$ resolution of the Fourier transform allows unambiguous identification of the electronic, vibrational, and rotational states populated by the pump and then dissociated by the probe. Although strong-field ionization is expected to populate the lower-lying $X^2Π_g$ and $a^4Π_u$ states more effectively than the $b^4Σ^{-}_g$ state, a wave packet in the $X^2Π_g$ state is seen only with the 264-nm probe and only weak signatures of the $a^4Π_u$ states are found with either probe. The experiment confirms the role of the resonant coupling between the $b^4Σ^{-}_g$ and $a^4Π_u$ states by the 800 nm pulses [Xue \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. A 97, 043409 (2018)] and reveals the importance of rovibrational excitation in determining the momentum distribution of the O$^+$ fragments. The strong $X^2Π_g$ state contribution observed with the 264-nm probe also shows the importance of resonant coupling in the probe pulse. The sub-cm$^{-1}$ resolution also resolves spin-orbit splitting in both the $X^2Π_g$ and $a^4Π_u$ state wave packets.
title Rotational coherences in O$_2^+$ following strong-field ionization
topic Atomic Physics
Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06680