LinguaMark: Do Multimodal Models Speak Fairly? A Benchmark-Based Evaluation

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Main Authors: Raval, Ananya, Narayanan, Aravind, Khazaie, Vahid Reza, Raza, Shaina
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Raval, Ananya
Narayanan, Aravind
Khazaie, Vahid Reza
Raza, Shaina
author_facet Raval, Ananya
Narayanan, Aravind
Khazaie, Vahid Reza
Raza, Shaina
contents Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are typically trained on vast corpora of image-text data but are often limited in linguistic coverage, leading to biased and unfair outputs across languages. While prior work has explored multimodal evaluation, less emphasis has been placed on assessing multilingual capabilities. In this work, we introduce LinguaMark, a benchmark designed to evaluate state-of-the-art LMMs on a multilingual Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. Our dataset comprises 6,875 image-text pairs spanning 11 languages and five social attributes. We evaluate models using three key metrics: Bias, Answer Relevancy, and Faithfulness. Our findings reveal that closed-source models generally achieve the highest overall performance. Both closed-source (GPT-4o and Gemini2.5) and open-source models (Gemma3, Qwen2.5) perform competitively across social attributes, and Qwen2.5 demonstrates strong generalization across multiple languages. We release our benchmark and evaluation code to encourage reproducibility and further research.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_07274
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LinguaMark: Do Multimodal Models Speak Fairly? A Benchmark-Based Evaluation
Raval, Ananya
Narayanan, Aravind
Khazaie, Vahid Reza
Raza, Shaina
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are typically trained on vast corpora of image-text data but are often limited in linguistic coverage, leading to biased and unfair outputs across languages. While prior work has explored multimodal evaluation, less emphasis has been placed on assessing multilingual capabilities. In this work, we introduce LinguaMark, a benchmark designed to evaluate state-of-the-art LMMs on a multilingual Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. Our dataset comprises 6,875 image-text pairs spanning 11 languages and five social attributes. We evaluate models using three key metrics: Bias, Answer Relevancy, and Faithfulness. Our findings reveal that closed-source models generally achieve the highest overall performance. Both closed-source (GPT-4o and Gemini2.5) and open-source models (Gemma3, Qwen2.5) perform competitively across social attributes, and Qwen2.5 demonstrates strong generalization across multiple languages. We release our benchmark and evaluation code to encourage reproducibility and further research.
title LinguaMark: Do Multimodal Models Speak Fairly? A Benchmark-Based Evaluation
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07274