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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08791 |
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| _version_ | 1866911051673501696 |
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| author | Babaei, Bahar Smith, Benjamin D. Tretiakov, Andrei Narayanan, Andal LeBlanc, Lindsay J. |
| author_facet | Babaei, Bahar Smith, Benjamin D. Tretiakov, Andrei Narayanan, Andal LeBlanc, Lindsay J. |
| contents | Developing a non-invasive, accurate vector magnetometer that operates at ambient temperature and is conducive to miniaturization and is self-calibrating is a significant challenge. Here, we present an unshielded three-axis vector magnetometer whose operation is based on the angle-dependent relative amplitude of magneto-optical double-resonance features in a room-temperature atomic ensemble. Magnetic-field-dependent double resonance features change the transmission of an optical probe tuned to the D2 optical transition of $^{87}$Rb in the presence of a microwave field driving population between the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state hyperfine levels $F = 1$ and $F = 2$. Sweeping the microwave frequency over all Zeeman sublevels results in seven double-resonance features, whose amplitudes vary as the orientation of the external static magnetic field changes with respect to the optical and microwave field polarization directions. Using a convolutional neural network model, the magnetic field direction is measured in this proof-of-concept experiment with an accuracy of 1° and its amplitude near 50 $μ$T with an accuracy of 115 nT. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_08791 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Microwave-optical double-resonance vector magnetometry with warm Rb atoms Babaei, Bahar Smith, Benjamin D. Tretiakov, Andrei Narayanan, Andal LeBlanc, Lindsay J. Atomic Physics Developing a non-invasive, accurate vector magnetometer that operates at ambient temperature and is conducive to miniaturization and is self-calibrating is a significant challenge. Here, we present an unshielded three-axis vector magnetometer whose operation is based on the angle-dependent relative amplitude of magneto-optical double-resonance features in a room-temperature atomic ensemble. Magnetic-field-dependent double resonance features change the transmission of an optical probe tuned to the D2 optical transition of $^{87}$Rb in the presence of a microwave field driving population between the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state hyperfine levels $F = 1$ and $F = 2$. Sweeping the microwave frequency over all Zeeman sublevels results in seven double-resonance features, whose amplitudes vary as the orientation of the external static magnetic field changes with respect to the optical and microwave field polarization directions. Using a convolutional neural network model, the magnetic field direction is measured in this proof-of-concept experiment with an accuracy of 1° and its amplitude near 50 $μ$T with an accuracy of 115 nT. |
| title | Microwave-optical double-resonance vector magnetometry with warm Rb atoms |
| topic | Atomic Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08791 |