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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08817 |
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| _version_ | 1866908447172198400 |
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| author | Fang, Liang Chen, Jinman Cheng, Jia Guo, Xuqi Huang, Senlin Chen, Qinjun Zhao, Chujun Wen, Shuangchun Wang, Jian |
| author_facet | Fang, Liang Chen, Jinman Cheng, Jia Guo, Xuqi Huang, Senlin Chen, Qinjun Zhao, Chujun Wen, Shuangchun Wang, Jian |
| contents | High-dimensional photonic states have significantly advanced the fundamentals and applications of light. However, it remains huge challenges to quantify arbitrary states in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces with spin and orbital angular momentum bases. Here we introduce a geometric method to quantify arbitrary states in a 4D Hilbert space by interferometrically mapping them to unified centroid ellipses. Specifically, nine Stokes parameters can be deduced from three ellipses to quantify the 4D spin-orbit states described by SU(4) Poincaré hypersphere. We verify its feasibility by detecting these spin-orbit states gotten by both free-space wave plates and few-mode fibers. For the first time, we completely quantify and reconstruct higher-order modal group evolution of a weakly guiding few-mode fiber under twist perturbation. This geometric quantification, beyond the classical Stokes polarimetry, may pave the way to multi-dimensional optical metrology, sensing, and high-dimensional classical or quantum communications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_08817 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Geometric quantification of photonic 4D spin-orbit states Fang, Liang Chen, Jinman Cheng, Jia Guo, Xuqi Huang, Senlin Chen, Qinjun Zhao, Chujun Wen, Shuangchun Wang, Jian Optics High-dimensional photonic states have significantly advanced the fundamentals and applications of light. However, it remains huge challenges to quantify arbitrary states in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces with spin and orbital angular momentum bases. Here we introduce a geometric method to quantify arbitrary states in a 4D Hilbert space by interferometrically mapping them to unified centroid ellipses. Specifically, nine Stokes parameters can be deduced from three ellipses to quantify the 4D spin-orbit states described by SU(4) Poincaré hypersphere. We verify its feasibility by detecting these spin-orbit states gotten by both free-space wave plates and few-mode fibers. For the first time, we completely quantify and reconstruct higher-order modal group evolution of a weakly guiding few-mode fiber under twist perturbation. This geometric quantification, beyond the classical Stokes polarimetry, may pave the way to multi-dimensional optical metrology, sensing, and high-dimensional classical or quantum communications. |
| title | Geometric quantification of photonic 4D spin-orbit states |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08817 |