Tie-breaking Agnostic Lower Bound for Fictitious Play

Fuente: arXiv
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Autore principale: Wang, Yuanhao
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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_version_ 1866913939788398592
author Wang, Yuanhao
author_facet Wang, Yuanhao
contents Fictitious play (FP) is a natural learning dynamic in two-player zero-sum games. Samuel Karlin conjectured in 1959 that FP converges at a rate of $O(t^{-1/2})$ to Nash equilibrium, where $t$ is the number of steps played. However, Daskalakis and Pan disproved the stronger form of this conjecture in 2014, where \emph{adversarial} tie-breaking is allowed. This paper disproves Karlin's conjecture in its weaker form. In particular, there exists a 10-by-10 zero-sum matrix game, in which FP converges at a rate of $Ω(t^{-1/3})$, and no ties occur except for the first step.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_09902
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tie-breaking Agnostic Lower Bound for Fictitious Play
Wang, Yuanhao
Computer Science and Game Theory
Fictitious play (FP) is a natural learning dynamic in two-player zero-sum games. Samuel Karlin conjectured in 1959 that FP converges at a rate of $O(t^{-1/2})$ to Nash equilibrium, where $t$ is the number of steps played. However, Daskalakis and Pan disproved the stronger form of this conjecture in 2014, where \emph{adversarial} tie-breaking is allowed. This paper disproves Karlin's conjecture in its weaker form. In particular, there exists a 10-by-10 zero-sum matrix game, in which FP converges at a rate of $Ω(t^{-1/3})$, and no ties occur except for the first step.
title Tie-breaking Agnostic Lower Bound for Fictitious Play
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09902