A Simple Approximate Bayesian Inference Neural Surrogate for Stochastic Petri Net Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Manu, Bright Kwaku, Reckell, Trevor, Sterner, Beckett, Jevtic, Petar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866917130096607232
author Manu, Bright Kwaku
Reckell, Trevor
Sterner, Beckett
Jevtic, Petar
author_facet Manu, Bright Kwaku
Reckell, Trevor
Sterner, Beckett
Jevtic, Petar
contents Stochastic Petri Nets (SPNs) are an increasingly popular tool of choice for modeling discrete-event dynamics in areas such as epidemiology and systems biology, yet their parameter estimation remains challenging in general and in particular when transition rates depend on external covariates and explicit likelihoods are unavailable. We introduce a neural-surrogate (neural-network-based approximation of the posterior distribution) framework that predicts the coefficients of known covariate-dependent rate functions directly from noisy, partially observed token trajectories. Our model employs a lightweight 1D Convolutional Residual Network trained end-to-end on Gillespie-simulated SPN realizations, learning to invert system dynamics under realistic conditions of event dropout. During inference, Monte Carlo dropout provides calibrated uncertainty bounds together with point estimates. On synthetic SPNs with $10\%$ missing events, our surrogate recovers rate-function coefficients with an $RMSE = 0.043$ and substantially runs faster than traditional Bayesian approaches. These results demonstrate that data-driven, likelihood-free surrogates can enable accurate, robust, and real-time parameter recovery in complex, partially observed discrete-event systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_10714
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Simple Approximate Bayesian Inference Neural Surrogate for Stochastic Petri Net Models
Manu, Bright Kwaku
Reckell, Trevor
Sterner, Beckett
Jevtic, Petar
Machine Learning
Quantitative Methods
68, 92
I.6; I.2.6
Stochastic Petri Nets (SPNs) are an increasingly popular tool of choice for modeling discrete-event dynamics in areas such as epidemiology and systems biology, yet their parameter estimation remains challenging in general and in particular when transition rates depend on external covariates and explicit likelihoods are unavailable. We introduce a neural-surrogate (neural-network-based approximation of the posterior distribution) framework that predicts the coefficients of known covariate-dependent rate functions directly from noisy, partially observed token trajectories. Our model employs a lightweight 1D Convolutional Residual Network trained end-to-end on Gillespie-simulated SPN realizations, learning to invert system dynamics under realistic conditions of event dropout. During inference, Monte Carlo dropout provides calibrated uncertainty bounds together with point estimates. On synthetic SPNs with $10\%$ missing events, our surrogate recovers rate-function coefficients with an $RMSE = 0.043$ and substantially runs faster than traditional Bayesian approaches. These results demonstrate that data-driven, likelihood-free surrogates can enable accurate, robust, and real-time parameter recovery in complex, partially observed discrete-event systems.
title A Simple Approximate Bayesian Inference Neural Surrogate for Stochastic Petri Net Models
topic Machine Learning
Quantitative Methods
68, 92
I.6; I.2.6
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10714