The Study of Thermal Fluctuations in Microwave and Mechanical Resonators
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866918294208905216 |
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| author | Hatzon, Michael T Ivanov, Eugene N Quiskamp, Aaron Tobar, Michael E |
| author_facet | Hatzon, Michael T Ivanov, Eugene N Quiskamp, Aaron Tobar, Michael E |
| contents | We report high-resolution measurements of thermal fluctuations in microwave and mechanical resonators using a dual-channel readout system. The latter comprises a low-noise amplifier, an I/Q-mixer, and a cross-correlator. We discovered that, under certain conditions, the intrinsic fluctuations of the low-noise amplifier, which are common to both channels of the readout system, are averaged out when computing the voltage noise cross-spectrum between the mixer's outputs. The suppression of the amplifier's technical fluctuations significantly improves the contrast of the thermal noise peaks exhibited by the resonators. Thus, for the room-temperature-stabilized 9 GHz sapphire-loaded cavity resonator, we observed more than 16 dB improvement in the thermal noise peak contrast relative to the single-channel measurements. The ability of the dual-channel readout system to discriminate between the broad- and narrow-band fluctuations may benefit the search for dark matter, which relies on the use of cryogenic microwave resonators. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_10997 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Study of Thermal Fluctuations in Microwave and Mechanical Resonators Hatzon, Michael T Ivanov, Eugene N Quiskamp, Aaron Tobar, Michael E Instrumentation and Detectors We report high-resolution measurements of thermal fluctuations in microwave and mechanical resonators using a dual-channel readout system. The latter comprises a low-noise amplifier, an I/Q-mixer, and a cross-correlator. We discovered that, under certain conditions, the intrinsic fluctuations of the low-noise amplifier, which are common to both channels of the readout system, are averaged out when computing the voltage noise cross-spectrum between the mixer's outputs. The suppression of the amplifier's technical fluctuations significantly improves the contrast of the thermal noise peaks exhibited by the resonators. Thus, for the room-temperature-stabilized 9 GHz sapphire-loaded cavity resonator, we observed more than 16 dB improvement in the thermal noise peak contrast relative to the single-channel measurements. The ability of the dual-channel readout system to discriminate between the broad- and narrow-band fluctuations may benefit the search for dark matter, which relies on the use of cryogenic microwave resonators. |
| title | The Study of Thermal Fluctuations in Microwave and Mechanical Resonators |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10997 |