An Interpretable AI framework Quantifying Traditional Chinese Medicine Principles Towards Enhancing and Integrating with Modern Biomedicine

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Haoran, Cheng, Xingye, Huang, Ziyang, Luo, Jingyuan, Xu, Qianqian, Zhao, Qiguang, Guo, Tianchen, Zhang, Yumeng, Zhong, Linda Lidan, Bian, Zhaoxiang, Tang, Leihan, Lyu, Aiping, Tian, Liang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Haoran
Cheng, Xingye
Huang, Ziyang
Luo, Jingyuan
Xu, Qianqian
Zhao, Qiguang
Guo, Tianchen
Zhang, Yumeng
Zhong, Linda Lidan
Bian, Zhaoxiang
Tang, Leihan
Lyu, Aiping
Tian, Liang
author_facet Li, Haoran
Cheng, Xingye
Huang, Ziyang
Luo, Jingyuan
Xu, Qianqian
Zhao, Qiguang
Guo, Tianchen
Zhang, Yumeng
Zhong, Linda Lidan
Bian, Zhaoxiang
Tang, Leihan
Lyu, Aiping
Tian, Liang
contents Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis and treatment principles, established through centuries of trial-and-error clinical practice, directly maps patient-specific symptom patterns to personalised herbal therapies. These empirical holistic mapping principles offer valuable strategies to address remaining challenges of reductionism methodologies in modern biomedicine. However, the lack of a quantitative framework and molecular-level evidence has limited their interpretability and reliability. Here, we present an AI framework trained on ancient and classical TCM formula records to quantify the symptom pattern-herbal therapy mappings. Interestingly, we find that empirical TCM diagnosis and treatment are consistent with the encoding-decoding processes in the AI model. This enables us to construct an interpretable TCM embedding space (TCM-ES) using the model's quantitative representation of TCM principles. Validated through broad and extensive TCM patient data, the TCM-ES offers universal quantification of the TCM practice and therapeutic efficacy. We further map biomedical entities into the TCM-ES through correspondence alignment. We find that the principal directions of the TCM-ES are significantly associated with key biological functions (such as metabolism, immune, and homeostasis), and that the disease and herb embedding proximity aligns with their genetic relationships in the human protein interactome, which demonstrate the biological significance of TCM principles. Moreover, the TCM-ES uncovers latent disease relationships, and provides alternative metric to assess clinical efficacy for modern disease-drug pairs. Finally, we construct a comprehensive and integrative TCM knowledge graph, which predicts potential associations between diseases and targets, drugs, herbal compounds, and herbal therapies, providing TCM-informed opportunities for disease analysis and drug development.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_11176
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Interpretable AI framework Quantifying Traditional Chinese Medicine Principles Towards Enhancing and Integrating with Modern Biomedicine
Li, Haoran
Cheng, Xingye
Huang, Ziyang
Luo, Jingyuan
Xu, Qianqian
Zhao, Qiguang
Guo, Tianchen
Zhang, Yumeng
Zhong, Linda Lidan
Bian, Zhaoxiang
Tang, Leihan
Lyu, Aiping
Tian, Liang
Other Quantitative Biology
Artificial Intelligence
Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis and treatment principles, established through centuries of trial-and-error clinical practice, directly maps patient-specific symptom patterns to personalised herbal therapies. These empirical holistic mapping principles offer valuable strategies to address remaining challenges of reductionism methodologies in modern biomedicine. However, the lack of a quantitative framework and molecular-level evidence has limited their interpretability and reliability. Here, we present an AI framework trained on ancient and classical TCM formula records to quantify the symptom pattern-herbal therapy mappings. Interestingly, we find that empirical TCM diagnosis and treatment are consistent with the encoding-decoding processes in the AI model. This enables us to construct an interpretable TCM embedding space (TCM-ES) using the model's quantitative representation of TCM principles. Validated through broad and extensive TCM patient data, the TCM-ES offers universal quantification of the TCM practice and therapeutic efficacy. We further map biomedical entities into the TCM-ES through correspondence alignment. We find that the principal directions of the TCM-ES are significantly associated with key biological functions (such as metabolism, immune, and homeostasis), and that the disease and herb embedding proximity aligns with their genetic relationships in the human protein interactome, which demonstrate the biological significance of TCM principles. Moreover, the TCM-ES uncovers latent disease relationships, and provides alternative metric to assess clinical efficacy for modern disease-drug pairs. Finally, we construct a comprehensive and integrative TCM knowledge graph, which predicts potential associations between diseases and targets, drugs, herbal compounds, and herbal therapies, providing TCM-informed opportunities for disease analysis and drug development.
title An Interpretable AI framework Quantifying Traditional Chinese Medicine Principles Towards Enhancing and Integrating with Modern Biomedicine
topic Other Quantitative Biology
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11176