A Perturbative Multiplicity Theorem for the Borsuk-Ulam Setting

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Mansour, Karim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mansour, Karim
author_facet Mansour, Karim
contents We prove a generalization of the classical Borsuk--Ulam Theorem under small perturbations (shaking) of the sphere. We show that for a generic perturbation of a continuous map $f : S^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$, the number of points $x \in S^2$ such that $f_ε(x) = f_ε(-x)$ becomes finite and odd, and may exceed the classical lower bound of one antipodal coincidence. In particular, we show the existence of maps with 3, 5, or 7 such points, and explain the unbounded nature of this multiplicity under higher complexity of the perturbation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_11556
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Perturbative Multiplicity Theorem for the Borsuk-Ulam Setting
Mansour, Karim
General Mathematics
We prove a generalization of the classical Borsuk--Ulam Theorem under small perturbations (shaking) of the sphere. We show that for a generic perturbation of a continuous map $f : S^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$, the number of points $x \in S^2$ such that $f_ε(x) = f_ε(-x)$ becomes finite and odd, and may exceed the classical lower bound of one antipodal coincidence. In particular, we show the existence of maps with 3, 5, or 7 such points, and explain the unbounded nature of this multiplicity under higher complexity of the perturbation.
title A Perturbative Multiplicity Theorem for the Borsuk-Ulam Setting
topic General Mathematics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11556