The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4<z<6
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2025
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| author | Lee, Lilian L. Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo Liu, Daizhong Price, Sedona H. Genzel, Reinhard Tacconi, Linda J. Lutz, Dieter Davies, Ric Naab, Thorsten Übler, Hannah Aravena, Manuel Assef, Roberto J. Barcos-Muñoz, Loreto Bowler, Rebecca A. A. Burkert, Andreas Chen, Jianhang Davies, Rebecca L. De Looze, Ilse Diaz-Santos, Tanio González-López, Jorge Ikeda, Ryota Mitsuhashi, Ikki Posses, Ana Pastor, Mónica Relaño Renzini, Alvio Solimano, Manuel Spilker, Justin S. Sternberg, Amiel Tadaki, Kenichi Telikova, Kseniia Veilleux, Sylvain Villanueva, Vicente |
| author_facet | Lee, Lilian L. Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo Liu, Daizhong Price, Sedona H. Genzel, Reinhard Tacconi, Linda J. Lutz, Dieter Davies, Ric Naab, Thorsten Übler, Hannah Aravena, Manuel Assef, Roberto J. Barcos-Muñoz, Loreto Bowler, Rebecca A. A. Burkert, Andreas Chen, Jianhang Davies, Rebecca L. De Looze, Ilse Diaz-Santos, Tanio González-López, Jorge Ikeda, Ryota Mitsuhashi, Ikki Posses, Ana Pastor, Mónica Relaño Renzini, Alvio Solimano, Manuel Spilker, Justin S. Sternberg, Amiel Tadaki, Kenichi Telikova, Kseniia Veilleux, Sylvain Villanueva, Vicente |
| contents | We present a detailed kinematic study of a sample of 32 massive ($9.5\leqslant\log(M_*/{\rm M_{\odot}})\leqslant10.9$) main-sequence star-forming galaxies (MS SFGs) at $4<z<6$ from the ALMA-CRISTAL program. The data consist of deep (up to 15hr observing time per target), high-resolution ($\sim1$kpc) ALMA observations of the [CII]158$μ$m line emission. This data set enables the first systematic kpc-scale characterisation of the kinematics nature of typical massive SFGs at these epochs. We find that $\sim50\%$ of the sample are disk-like, with a number of galaxies located in systems of multiple components. Kinematic modelling reveals these main sequence disks exhibit high-velocity dispersions ($σ_0$), with a median disk velocity dispersion of $\sim70{\rm kms^{-1}}$ and $V_{\rm rot}/σ_0\sim2$, and consistent with dominant gravity driving. The elevated disk dispersions are in line with the predicted evolution based on Toomre theory and the extrapolated trends from $z\sim0$-$2.5$ MS star-forming disks. The inferred dark matter (DM) mass fraction within the effective radius $f_{\rm DM}(<R_{\rm e})$ for the disk systems decreases with the central baryonic mass surface density, and is consistent with the trend reported by kinematic studies at $z\lesssim3$; roughly half the disks have $f_{\rm DM}(<R_{\rm e})\lesssim30\%$. The CRISTAL sample of massive MS SFGs provides a reference of the kinematics of a representative population and extends the view onto typical galaxies beyond previous kpc-scale studies at $z\lesssim3$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_11600 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4<z<6 Lee, Lilian L. Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo Liu, Daizhong Price, Sedona H. Genzel, Reinhard Tacconi, Linda J. Lutz, Dieter Davies, Ric Naab, Thorsten Übler, Hannah Aravena, Manuel Assef, Roberto J. Barcos-Muñoz, Loreto Bowler, Rebecca A. A. Burkert, Andreas Chen, Jianhang Davies, Rebecca L. De Looze, Ilse Diaz-Santos, Tanio González-López, Jorge Ikeda, Ryota Mitsuhashi, Ikki Posses, Ana Pastor, Mónica Relaño Renzini, Alvio Solimano, Manuel Spilker, Justin S. Sternberg, Amiel Tadaki, Kenichi Telikova, Kseniia Veilleux, Sylvain Villanueva, Vicente Astrophysics of Galaxies We present a detailed kinematic study of a sample of 32 massive ($9.5\leqslant\log(M_*/{\rm M_{\odot}})\leqslant10.9$) main-sequence star-forming galaxies (MS SFGs) at $4<z<6$ from the ALMA-CRISTAL program. The data consist of deep (up to 15hr observing time per target), high-resolution ($\sim1$kpc) ALMA observations of the [CII]158$μ$m line emission. This data set enables the first systematic kpc-scale characterisation of the kinematics nature of typical massive SFGs at these epochs. We find that $\sim50\%$ of the sample are disk-like, with a number of galaxies located in systems of multiple components. Kinematic modelling reveals these main sequence disks exhibit high-velocity dispersions ($σ_0$), with a median disk velocity dispersion of $\sim70{\rm kms^{-1}}$ and $V_{\rm rot}/σ_0\sim2$, and consistent with dominant gravity driving. The elevated disk dispersions are in line with the predicted evolution based on Toomre theory and the extrapolated trends from $z\sim0$-$2.5$ MS star-forming disks. The inferred dark matter (DM) mass fraction within the effective radius $f_{\rm DM}(<R_{\rm e})$ for the disk systems decreases with the central baryonic mass surface density, and is consistent with the trend reported by kinematic studies at $z\lesssim3$; roughly half the disks have $f_{\rm DM}(<R_{\rm e})\lesssim30\%$. The CRISTAL sample of massive MS SFGs provides a reference of the kinematics of a representative population and extends the view onto typical galaxies beyond previous kpc-scale studies at $z\lesssim3$. |
| title | The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4<z<6 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11600 |